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Clinical Psych > Psychotherapy > Flashcards

Psychotherapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of research: Case Studies and Anecdotal Case Histories

A

Problems: no control - can’t say if therapy x truley helped client y get better. Lack of generalization; Threats to validity (internal and external respectively)

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2
Q

Experiments

A
  1. Random Assignment
  2. Experimental Groups
  3. Control groups - no treatment; waiting list control groups; and placebo control groups
  4. Treatment as Usual (TAU’s) control groups
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3
Q

Non-experimental Designs

A
  • No control group/ within design experiements

- quasi experiments: lack randomization

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4
Q

Single Case Experimental Designs

A

ABA & ABAB designs

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5
Q

Multiple Baseline Designs

A

Across the

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6
Q

Multiple Baseline Designs

A

Across cases (@ least 3 people)
Across behaviors
Across settings.
start a. wait. then start b. then wait some more. then start c. (think of a staircase)

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7
Q

Efficacy v. Effectiveness

A

Efficacy: the extent to which psychotherapy works “in the lab” Maximizing internal validity
Effectiveness: extent to which psychotherapy works “in real life”. Maximizes external validity (generalizability)

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8
Q

Ideal is Efficacy, but sometimes that is unrealistic. Why?

A

Task force of APA Div. 12 Guidelines for Efficacy Research - for something to be effiicacious it:

  • has to be controlled research (RCT or single case)
  • use of treatment manual
  • specificity (just one disorder, nothing else)
  • replication (outside of normal group)
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9
Q

Effectiveness Research (Clinical Utility)

A
  • generalizable
  • treatment feasibility (can treat more than one thing)
  • efficiency (cost-effective)
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10
Q

Clinical Significance

A

Treatment group not just being better than the control but being better in general.

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11
Q

Clinical Significance

A

Treatment group not just being better than the control but being better in general.

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12
Q

Which Psycotherapy is Best? DoDo Bird Effect

A

Alice In Wonderland Reference - They all win
Different forms of psychotherapy have virtually tied. Suggestion that the common factors across all forms cause them to be winners

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13
Q

Which ‘common factor’ seems to be the most important for effective therpeautic progress

A

Therapeutic alliance - strong relationship between therapist and client. The empathy, genuiness and warmth bullshit

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14
Q

Other common factors?

A

Hope (positive expectations), attention

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15
Q

Other common factors?

A

Hope (positive expectations), attention

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16
Q

Lambert and Ogles

A

Proposed three-stage sequential model of common factors: common factos underlying pyschotherapy occuur in a predictable sequence

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17
Q

Stages of Lambert and Ogles theory

A
  1. support factors stage: building relationship
  2. learning factors: changing expectations about oneself, changes in thought patterns, corrective emotional experiences and new insights
  3. action factors: taking risks, facing fears, mastering new behaviors and working through problems
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18
Q

Dianne Chambless

A

Prolific and highly respected psychotherapy reseracher who argues agaisnt all psychotherapy approaches being efficacious.

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19
Q

Stanley Messer & Bruce Wampold

A

Argue for the prescriptive approach to therapy - specific techniques are best for specific disorders

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20
Q

Stanley Messer & Bruce Wampold

A

Argue for the prescriptive approach to therapy - specific techniques are best for specific disorders

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21
Q

Eclectic v. integrative tchniques

A

eclectic therapy: selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients
integrative approach: involves blending techniques in order to create an entirely new hybrid from of therapy

22
Q

The infamous John Norcross

A

Besides being the guy who did all the research in pretty much every damn area of the field, he is a champion for intergrative psychotherapy (shocker).

23
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Big Daddy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. (1856-1939(

24
Q

Psychodynamic approach

A

Main goal is to make the unconscious conscious. Insight (looking inside oneself)

25
Q

Personality theories

A

WE. ARE. NOT. DOING. THIS. if you don’t know it by now, switch majors.

26
Q

Way to access the unconscious

A
  • free association: saying anything that comes to mind. NOT word association
  • Freudian ‘Slips’: no such things as accidents. reasons behind things we find unreasonable
  • Dreams: latent content (raw thoughts and feelings) manifest content (actual plot)
  • Resistence
  • Defense Mechanisms
  • Transference
27
Q

Here we go, list the common defense mechanisms

A
  • repression
  • projection
  • reaction formation (overcompensation)
  • displacement (kicking the dog)
  • sublimation (redirecting impulses to something beneficial)
28
Q

Here we go, list the common defense mechanisms

A
  • repression
  • projection
  • reaction formation (overcompensation)
  • displacement (kicking the dog)
  • sublimation (redirecting impulses to something beneficial)
29
Q

Using Psychoanalytic theory to conceptualize

A

Stems from Anxiety:
Reality Anxiety - we do not care about this
Neurotic Anxiety - fear of the ID - may act on impulses you should not act on - internal source
Moral Anxiety - fear of superego/karma. done something(thought about doing something) you feel guilty about and now something bad will happen

30
Q

Psychosis v. Neurosis

A

Psychosis: schizophrea, delusions, etc
Neurosis: everything else. Disorders that stem from attempts to control anxiety that manifests into symptoms

31
Q

Function of Symptoms from a psychoanalytic perspective

A

to cope with anxiety, yet causes more anxiety

32
Q

Function of Symptoms from a psychoanalytic perspective

A

to cope with anxiety, yet causes more anxiety

33
Q

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

A

Big Daddies of Humanistic Therapy

34
Q

Important humanistic concepts

A

Self-actualization: people arrive with an inborn tendency to grow
Positive regard: the warmth, love and acceptance we need to grow
Prizing: the experience of receiving positive regard

35
Q

Goal of humanistic psychotherapy

A

foster self-actualization. Psychological problems are byproducts of a stifled growth process. Goal is to create a climate in which clients can resume their natural growth toward psychological wellness

36
Q

Goal of humanistic psychotherapy

A

foster self-actualization. Psychological problems are byproducts of a stifled growth process. Goal is to create a climate in which clients can resume their natural growth toward psychological wellness

37
Q

Obstacles to self-actualization

A

Conditions of worth: need for positive regard. conditional v. unconditional. Unconditional is ideal yet conditional is more frequent
Incongruence discrepancy between real self (who we actually are) and the ideal self (our potential)

38
Q

Neccessary and Sufficient Conditions for Therapeutic Personality Change

A

Empathy
Unconditional Positive Regard
Genuieness

39
Q

Alternatives to Humanism

A 
Existential Psychotherapy (May, Frankl, & Yalom): centers on the premise that each person is essentially alone in the world and this causes anxiety. Focus on present and future, not past
Gestalt Therapy (Perls): holistic approach, encourage clients to reach full potential through role playing
Motivational Interview: We shalt not.
40
Q

Positive Psychology Movement

A

broadbased approach that emphasizes human strengths rather than pathology. Positive interventions or strengthh based counseling.

41
Q

Positive Psychology & Humanism

A

Both imply we have possess inborn strengths and capabilities that can guide them through lifetimes and buffer them from unhappiness

42
Q

Positive Psychology & Humanism

A

Both imply we have possess inborn strengths and capabilities that can guide them through lifetimes and buffer them from unhappiness

43
Q

Prevailing Psychotherapy Out there?

A

Cognitive Therapy. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis are the men here. You know, just once it would be nice to see a woman. But i digress.

44
Q

Foundation of Cognitive Therapy

A

Strict applications of Behavioral therapy did not always work, acknowledged that cognition played a role
And no one likes the psychoanalytic theory.

45
Q

Goal of Cognitive Therapy

A

Logical thinking. Beliefs, interpretations, assumptions, etc
Must acknowledge that our behaviors and emotions are stemmed to how we think about events rather than the event itself. Goal is to ensure thoughts are rational and logical

46
Q

Albert Ellis - REBT

A

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy - ABCDE model
Activating event; belief; consequence; dispute; effective belief. Uncomfortable emotions are a result of irrational beliefs

47
Q

Aaron Beck - Cognitive Therapy

A

Cognitive Triad - thoughts about self, the external world, and the future our contributed to our mental health. When these are all negative, we experience psychopathology.

48
Q

Dysfunctional Thought Record

A

Writted report that states:

  • a brief description of the event/ situation
  • automatic thoughts about the event/ situation
49
Q

Dysfunctional Thought Record

A

Writted report that states:

  • a brief description of the event/ situation
  • automatic thoughts about the event/ situation
  • emotions (and their intensity)
  • an adaptive repsonse
  • outcome
50
Q

Common thought distortions

A

All or nothing thinking: irrationally evaluation everything as either wonderful or terrible with no gray area
Catastrophizing: expecting the worse in the future when realisitically it is unlikely to happen
Magnification/ minimization: for neg. events “making a mountain out of a molehill” fo pos. downplaying the importance
Personalization: assuming excessive personal responsibility for negative events
Overgeneralization: applying lessons learned from neg. experiences more broadly than warranted
Mental filtering: ignoring positive events while focusing excessive on negative
Mind reading: presuming to know that others are thinking critcally or disapprovingly

51
Q

Third Wave Therapies

A

Dialecical Behavioral Therapy - BPD
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Hayes)
Mindfullness Based Cognitive Therapy *for depression relapse
Metacognitive therapy (Wells) *anxiety

52
Q

What do the third wave therapies have in common?

A

They all have a basis in CBT (Behaviorism -> CBT -> These methods). All have mindfullness piece and conceptualization stems beyond cognition (metacognition)

Clinical Psych (4 decks)

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