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Psychiatry > Psychotherapies > Flashcards

Psychotherapies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the topographic theory of the mind?

A
  • Three states
    • Unconscious: Includes repressed thoughts that are out of one’s awareness; involves primary process thinking (primitive, pleasure seeking urges)
    • Preconscious: contains memories that are easy to bring into awareness
    • Conscious: Involves current thoughts and secondary process thinking (logical, mature, delayed gratification)
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2
Q

What is the structural theory of the mind?

A
  • 3 components
    • Id: Unconscious; involves instinctual sexual/aggressive urges and primary process thinking
    • Ego: Serves as a mediator between the id and external environment and seeks to develop satisfying interpersonal relationships; uses defense mechanisms to control instinctual urges
    • Superego: moral conscience
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3
Q

What are defense mechanisms?

A
  • Used by the ego to protect oneself and relieve anxiety by keeping conflicts out of awareness
  • Unconscious processes that are normal and healthy when used in moderation
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4
Q

What are the mature defense mechanisms?

A
  • Altruism
  • Humor
  • Sublimation
  • Suppression
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5
Q

What are the neurotic defense mechanisms?

A
  • Controlling
  • Displacement
  • Intellectualization
  • Isolation of affect
  • Rationalization
  • Reaction Formation
  • Repression
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6
Q

What is altruism?

A

Altruism: Performing acts that benefit others in order to vicariously experience pleasure

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7
Q

What is humor (defense mechanism)?

A

Expressing feelings through comedy without causing discomfort to others

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8
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Satisfying socially objectionable impulses in an acceptable manner (channeling them)

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9
Q

What is Suppression?

A

Purposely ignoring an unacceptable impulse or emotion in order to diminish discomfort and accomplish a task

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10
Q

What is controlling (defense mechanism)?

A

Regulating situations and events of external environment to relieve anxiety

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11
Q

What is displacement?

A

Shifting emotions from undesirable situation to one that is personally tolerable

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12
Q

What is intellectualization?

A

Avoiding negative feelings by excessive use of intellectual functions and by focusing on irrelevant details or inanimate objects

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13
Q

What is isolation of affect?

A

Unconsciously limiting the experience of feelings/emotions associated with stressful life event

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14
Q

What is rationalization?

A

Creating explanations of an event in order to justify outcomes or behaviors and to make them acceptable

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15
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

Doing the opposite of an unacceptable impulse (ex: man in love with woman insults her)

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16
Q

What is repression?

A

Preventing a thought or feeling from entering consciousness

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17
Q

What is the difference betwen repression and supression?

A

Repression is unconscious whereas suppression is a conscious act

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18
Q

What are immature defense mechanisms?

A
  • Acting out
  • Denial
  • Regression
  • Projection
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19
Q

What are splitting and undoing?

A

Types of defense mechanisms

  • Splitting: labeling people as all good or all bad (often seen in borderline personality disorder)
  • Undoing: Attempting to reverse a situation by adopting a new behavior (ex: man who has brief fantasy of killing his wife by sabotaging her car takes the car in for a complete checkup)
20
Q

What is acting out?

A

Giving in to an impulse, even if socially inappropriate, in order to avoid the anxiety of suppressing that impulse

21
Q

What is denial?

A

Not accepting reality that is too painful

22
Q

What is regression?

A

Performing behaviors from an earlier stage of development in order to avoid tension associated with current phase of development

23
Q

What is projection?

A

Attributing objectionable thoughts or emotions to others

24
Q

What characteristics are seen in patients best suited for psychoanalysis?

A
  • Under age 40
  • Not psychotic
  • Intelligent
  • Stable in relationships and daily living
25
Q

What are some important concepts and techniques used in psychoanalysis? (5)

A
  • Free association
  • Dream interpretation
  • Therapeutic alliance
  • Transference
  • Countertransference
26
Q

What is free association?

A

The patient is asked to say whatever comes into his or her mind during therapy sessions; purpose is to bring forth thoughts and feelings from the unconscious

27
Q

What is therapeutic alliance?

A

The bond between the therapist and the patient who work together toward a therapeutic goal

28
Q

Describe transference and countertransference

A
  • Transference: Projection of unconscious feelings about important figures in the patient’s life onto the therapist; interpretation of transference is used to help the patient gain insight and resolve unconscious conflict
  • Countertransference: Projection of unconscious feelings about important figures in the therapist’s life onto the patient; therapist must remain aware of this as it may interfere with objectivity
29
Q

Describe the following types of psychoanalysis related therapies…

  • Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy:
  • Interpersonal therapy:
  • Supportive psychotherapy:
A
  • Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy: Employs same techniques as psychoanalysis, but in briefer sessions; sessions are face-to-face (no couch)
  • Interpersonal therapy: Focuses on development of social skills to help treat certain psychiatric disorders (treatment is short)
  • Supportive psychotherapy: Purpose is to help patient feel safe during a difficult time
30
Q

What is learning theory in terms of behavioral therapy?

A

Behaviors can be learned by conditioning and can similarly be unlearned by deconditioning

31
Q

Describe…

  • Classical conditioning:
  • Operant conditioning:
A
  • Classical conditioning: A stimulus can eventually evoke a conditioned response
  • Operant conditioning: Behaviors can be learned when followed by positive or negative reinforcement
32
Q

What are the different deconditioning techniques?

A
  • Systemic densitization
  • Flooding and implosion
  • Aversion therapy
  • Token economy
  • Biofeedback
33
Q

What is systemic desensitization?

A

Patient performs relaxation techniques while being exposed to increasing doses of an anxiety-provoking stimulus

34
Q

What are flooding and implosion?

A

Through habituation, the patient is confronted with a real (flooding) or imagined (implosion) anxiety-provoking stimulus and not allowed to withdraw from it until he or she feels calm and in control

35
Q

What is aversion therapy?

A

A negative stimulus (such as a shock) is repeatedly paired with a specific behavior to create an unpleasant response

36
Q

What is token economy deconditioning?

A

Rewards are given after specific behaviors to positively reinforce them

37
Q

What is biofeedback?

A

Physiological data are given to patients as they try to mentally control physiological states

Commonly used to treat migraines, hypertension, chronic pain, asthma, and incontinence

38
Q

What is the cognitive therapy?

A

Seeks to correct faulty assumptions and negative feelings that exacerbate psychiatric symptoms

39
Q

What is the cognitive theory of depression?

A

Faulty assumptions (If I were smart, I would do well on tests. I must not be smart since I received average grades this semester) lead to negative thoughts (I am stupid, I will never amount to anything worthwile) which then lead to Psychopathology (Depression)

40
Q

What is group therapy?

A

Three or more patients with a similar problem or pathology meet together with a therapist for group sessions

41
Q

What are the advantages of group therapy over individual therapy?

A
  • Patients get immediate feedback from their peers
  • Patients may gain insight into their own condition by listening to others with similar problems
  • If a therapist is present, there is an opportunity to observe interactions between others who may be eliciting a variety of transferences
42
Q

Why is family therapy useful?

A
  • A person’s problems usually affect the entire family
  • After the development of psychopathology, new tensions and conflicts within the family may arise
  • Psychopathology may arise partly or entirely from dysfunction within the family unit
43
Q

What are the goals of family therapy?

A
  • Reduce conflict
  • Help members understand each other’s needs
  • Help the unit cope with internally destructive forces
44
Q

When is marital therapy useful?

A

Tretment of conflicts, sexual problems, and communication problems

45
Q

What is dialectical behavioral therapy?

A
  • Specific treatment for borderline personality disorder
  • Teaches coping skills with both individual and group therapy
  • 1-2-year commitment required
  • Solution-focused therapy
46
Q

What are the main goals of dialectical behavioral therapy?

A
  • Reduce self-injurious behaviors
  • Decrease hospitalizations

Psychiatry (18 decks)

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