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Psychosis & Bipolar > Psychosocial Interventions In Psychosis And Bipolar > Flashcards

Psychosocial Interventions In Psychosis And Bipolar Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Schizophrenia Commission Report primarily examine?

A

The state of care and services for individuals with schizophrenia, highlighting systemic issues and providing recommendations for improvement.

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2
Q

What are some key findings regarding service gaps in schizophrenia care?

A
  • Significant inconsistencies in the quality of care across different regions
  • Lack of integrated services addressing mental and physical health needs
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3
Q

What issues are highlighted in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia?

A
  • Delays in diagnosis
  • Inadequate treatment options
  • Need for tailored approaches considering individual patient needs
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4
Q

How does stigma affect individuals with schizophrenia?

A
  • Affects treatment access
  • Impacts quality of life
  • Recommendations for public awareness campaigns to combat stigma
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5
Q

What support is needed for families and caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia?

A
  • Emphasis on providing resources and education to families
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6
Q

What recommendations does the Schizophrenia Commission Report make regarding service improvement?

A
  • Implement integrated care models
  • Ensure equitable access to quality services regardless of geographic location
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7
Q

What is the importance of early intervention in schizophrenia care?

A

Promoting early diagnosis and intervention to improve long-term outcomes.

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8
Q

What is a major finding regarding employment among people with schizophrenia?

A

Only 8% of people with schizophrenia are in employment, although many more could and would like to work.

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9
Q

What is a significant economic impact of schizophrenia on society?

A

Schizophrenia and psychosis cost society £11.8 billion a year.

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10
Q

What is the average time taken to receive a bipolar diagnosis after reporting symptoms?

A

9.5 years.

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11
Q

What percentage of people with bipolar have been hospitalized due to their condition?

A

More than half.

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12
Q

What are some key findings regarding stigma in the workplace for individuals with bipolar?

A
  • 44% have experienced stigma
  • 57% report a lack of understanding as a barrier to thriving
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13
Q

What does the Bipolar Commission Report identify as a significant gap in services?

A

Lack of access to specialized care and support services.

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14
Q

What are recommended improvements for diagnosing bipolar disorder?

A
  • Enhance training for healthcare professionals
  • Implement standardized assessment tools
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15
Q

What is the significance of family support in the context of bipolar disorder?

A
  • Families need additional support
  • Involvement in treatment planning is encouraged
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16
Q

What economic modeling approach was used in the study commissioned by Rethink?

A

Building economic analyses of interventions and care pathways for individuals with schizophrenia and psychosis.

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17
Q

What is the focus of the Primrose Programme?

A

To reduce cardiovascular disease risk in people with severe mental illnesses.

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18
Q

What are some behavioral change strategies used in the Primrose Service?

A
  • Goal setting
  • Action planning
  • Forming habits
  • Recording behavior
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19
Q

What is the primary outcome measured in the Primrose Programme?

A

Total cholesterol at 12-month follow-up.

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20
Q

True or False: People with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia die 15-20 years earlier than other citizens.

A

True.

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21
Q

What percentage of people receiving social care services for a primary mental health need are receiving self-directed support?

A

14%.

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22
Q

What is the COM-B model used for?

A

To help patients identify factors influencing their behavior

COM-B stands for Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation, which are essential for behavior change.

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23
Q

What does SMART stand for in goal setting?

A

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound

SMART goals help in creating clear and actionable objectives.

24
Q

What was the follow-up rate of patients in the Primrose study at 12 months?

A

88%

This indicates a strong retention rate in the study.

25
Q

What was the mean difference in overall costs for the Primrose intervention compared to routine care?

A

-£895

Indicates that the Primrose intervention was more cost-effective.

26
Q

What were the results concerning cholesterol levels in the Primrose study?

A

Cholesterol decreased in both groups at 12 months

There was no significant difference in cholesterol levels between the intervention and control groups.

27
Q

What are some psychosocial interventions for psychosis and bipolar disorder?

A

Better pharmacological and psychological interventions, better implementation of existing treatments, improvements to teams and services, focus on service users’ definitions of recovery, focus on the social part of the biopsychosocial triad

These approaches aim to enhance recovery and quality of life.

28
Q

What is the pooled rate of remission following the first episode of psychosis according to Lally et al. (2017)?

A

58%

This statistic reflects the outcomes of various studies assessing remission rates.

29
Q

What percentage of individuals with bipolar disorder are chronically unwell on long-term follow-up?

A

Approx. 15%

This indicates that a significant minority of individuals do not achieve sustained recovery.

30
Q

True or False: There has been a significant improvement in mental health outcomes for people with severe mental health problems over the past few decades.

A

False

The text indicates there has not been substantial progress in mental health outcomes for severe conditions.

31
Q

What is one of the main challenges in improving mental health outcomes?

A

The implementation gap

This refers to the delay in translating positive research findings into practice.

32
Q

What is a critical aspect of recovery beyond clinical recovery?

A

Self-determination and self-management

Recovery emphasizes building a meaningful life, regardless of ongoing symptoms.

33
Q

What types of interventions promote personal recovery and self-management skills?

A
  • Support in setting personal goals
  • Self-management skills training
  • Psychoeducation
  • Peer support

These interventions aim to empower individuals in their recovery journey.

34
Q

What are the two studies mentioned that focus on self-management interventions?

A

ARIES and EMPOWER

Both studies explore different self-management approaches and their effectiveness.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The mean attendance at the Primrose intervention was _____ sessions.

A

6

This indicates a good level of participant engagement.

36
Q

What factors contribute to the difficulties in achieving better mental health outcomes?

A
  • Neuroscience and pharmacology limitations
  • Difficulties in implementing psychological interventions
  • Social determinants of mental health
  • Stigma and inequity in care

These factors complicate the landscape of mental health treatment.

37
Q

What is the role of implementation scientists in mental health care?

A

Defining and measuring good practice, developing and testing methods to implement effective interventions

They aim to bridge the gap between research and practice.

38
Q

What is the focus of the Aries program?

A

Self-management with high attrition by 3 months

The Aries program is designed to help individuals manage their conditions independently.

39
Q

What benefits did the EMPOWER program provide in Scotland and Australia?

A

Better retention, reduced fear of relapse, included peer support and messages to the team

The EMPOWER program aimed to enhance support networks for individuals.

40
Q

What are the current employment rates for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the UK?

A
  • Schizophrenia/Psychosis: 5-10%
  • Bipolar disorder: 20-50%

These rates reflect the challenges faced by individuals with severe mental illnesses in securing employment.

41
Q

What was the mean number of friends reported by people with schizophrenia in a London survey?

A

1.57 friends

The survey highlighted social isolation among individuals with schizophrenia.

42
Q

What percentage of men and women had a friend according to the survey?

A
  • 29% men
  • 53% women

This indicates a gender disparity in social connections among individuals with schizophrenia.

43
Q

What percentage of participants in the Australian National Survey on psychosis reported loneliness?

A

80%

Loneliness is a significant issue affecting individuals with psychosis.

44
Q

What are the reported rates of sexual dysfunction and domestic violence among individuals with severe mental illness?

A

Markedly higher rates

These issues are rarely discussed but have a significant impact on the lives of individuals with severe mental illnesses.

45
Q

What percentage of women with severe mental illness have children?

A

50-60%

Many of these women face challenges related to parenting and mental health.

46
Q

What is the primary focus of traditional employment interventions for people with severe mental illness?

A
  • Day centres
  • Sheltered workshops
  • Clubhouses

These traditional interventions aim to support individuals in finding and maintaining employment.

47
Q

What is Individual Placement and Support (IPS)?

A

A model that helps individuals find open market jobs and provides support to retain them

IPS is evidence-based and has shown strong outcomes in the US and UK.

48
Q

What does the EQOLISE trial focus on?

A

Finding people employment and supporting them to retain it

The trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of employment interventions.

49
Q

What are some possible models for improving social connections and relationships?

A
  • Social prescribing & community navigators
  • Group interventions & peer support
  • Psychological interventions
  • Sexual health interventions
  • Online interventions

These models aim to enhance social participation beyond employment.

50
Q

What are some limiting factors for social participation interventions?

A
  • Ambivalence about professional roles
  • Societal factors like poverty and housing problems

These factors can hinder the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving social connections.

51
Q

What is the implementation gap in mental health interventions?

A

Many evidence-based interventions are not delivered in practice

Implementation science explores the reasons behind this gap and how to improve service delivery.

52
Q

What are some areas where new strategies for intervention could be developed?

A
  • High quality psychosis and bipolar care beyond EIS
  • Loneliness and friendship
  • Managing relationships and parenthood

These areas represent opportunities for further research and intervention development.

53
Q

True or False: The implementation of Employment Interventions is easier in the UK compared to the US.

A

False

Implementation is more challenging in the UK due to its well-developed welfare state.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ program included peer support and messages to the team.

A

EMPOWER

This program was implemented in Scotland and Australia.

55
Q

What is a significant concern for children of individuals with severe mental illness?

A

Stigma affecting children and fear of custody loss

These concerns can lead to isolation and distress for both the parents and their children.

Psychosis & Bipolar (2 decks)

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