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Psychosocial Disorders > Psychosocial > Flashcards

Psychosocial Flashcards

1
Q

Depression

A

Mood state characterized by diminished interest in formal activity, fatigue, feelings of sadness, and impaired concentration nearly every day.

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2
Q

Dysthymia

A

Chronic form of depression lasting at leas 2 and frequently many more years

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3
Q

Stable causality

A

“it will always be this way”

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4
Q

Global thinking

A

“Everything is ruined”

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5
Q

Internal vs. external causes

A

“it’s my fault”

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6
Q

Biochemical theories in depression

A 
Neurotransmitter imbalance (dopamine/serotonin/epi/norepi)
Thyroid dysfunction
Med side effects
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7
Q

DSM-5 Criteria

A

States that a person must have 5 or more of the following symptoms for the same 2-week period and represent a change in precious functioning:
*Depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday
*Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities (Anhedonia)
Weight change >5%
Insomnia/hyperinsomnia
Psychomotor agitation/retardation
Fatigue/loss of energy
Lack of concentration/indecisiveness nearly every day
Excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness
Recurrent thoughts of death/suicide ideation w/o plan or attempt

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8
Q

“In Sad Cages”

A 
In terest: loss of pleasure
S leep disturbances
A ppetite changes 
D epressed mood
C oncentration difficulty
A ctivity: agitation/retardation
G uilt feelings
E nergy loss
S uicidal ideation
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9
Q

Stages of grief

A

DABDA

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

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10
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)

A 
Paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, fluvoxamine
Low OD danger 
Fast symptom response
No postural hypotension
Sexual dysfunction
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11
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Cognitive changes, neuromuscular changes and autonomic hyperactivity (high fevers)

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12
Q

Tricyclics and MAOI;s

A

Increased SE and high OD potential
TCA’s-anticholinergic effects (dry mouth and constipation) –HIGH OD potential (cardiac)
MAOI’s= Wine + Cheese = Hypertensive crisis

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13
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Excessive worry/anxiety about life circumstances

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14
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Morbid dreads of seemingly harmless object/situation; may lead to agoraphobia

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15
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A 
OCD
Repetitive thoughts (obsession) that a person is unable to control and/or urge to perform an act that cannot be resisted without great difficulty (compulsion), interferes with normal ADL's
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16
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder

A

PTSD
Having anxiety for at least 6 months after a severe trauma/event perceived as a threat to one’s integrity
Flashbacks, nightmares and intrusive thoughts

17
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Most commonly used

high abuse potential

18
Q

Antihistamines

A

For those with COPD or potential for abuse

19
Q

Beta blockers

A

to reduce tachycardia, palpitations and breathlessness

20
Q

TCA’s and MAOI’s

A

May be beneficial for panic attacks but less efficacious for GAD

21
Q

Buspirone (Buspar)

A

Only antianxiety med not classified as a tranquilizer, takes 3-4 weeks to reach full therapeutic effects

22
Q

Incidence of suicide

A

80% of pts who state intent of suicide DO
Second leading cause of death among adolescents
Hopelessness is commonly a predicting variable!
Women attempt more often, but men are 3x more likely to succeed

23
Q

SUICIDAL mnemonic

A 
S ex
U nsuccessful attempts
I dentified family members w/ attempt hx
CI Chronic illness hx
D epression, drug abuse, drinking
A ge of pt
L ethal method available
24
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Lithium- use caution when prescribing (LOW therapeutic index) can become lethal with just a little
Significant weight gain w/ atypical antipsychotics

25
Q

CAGE

A

C: Have you ever felt the need to cut down on your drinking?
A: Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
G: Have you ever felt guilty about your drinking?
E: Have you ever had a drink first thing in the AM to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover? (eye-opener)

26
Q

Korsakoff syndrome

A

chronic memory impairment d/t severe Vit B12 deficiency

27
Q

Delirium

A

Sudden, transient onset of clouded sensorium; may occur at any age associated with a physical stressor

28
Q

Causes of delirium

A 
Toxins
Alcohol/drug abuse
Trauma
Impactions in the elderly
Poor nutrition
Electrolyte imbalances
Anesthesia
29
Q

Dementia

A

Neurocognitive d/o

Gradual memory loss with decreased intellectual functioning usually occurring over the age of 60

30
Q

Causes of dementia

A 
Atherosclerosis 
Neurotransmitter deficits
Corticol atrophy
Ventricular dilation
Loss of brain cells
possible viral causes
Alzheimer's disease
31
Q

DEMENTIA mnemonic

A 
To rule out other diseases indicative of dementia
D: drug reactions/interactions
E: emotional disorders
M: metabolic/endocrine disorders
E: eye and ear problems
N: nutritional problems
T: tumors
I: infection
A: arteriosclerosis
32
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Development of multiple cognitive defects characterized by both memory impairment and one or more of the following:

  1. aphasia (speech difficulty)
  2. apraxia (inability to perform a previously learned task)
  3. agnosia (inability to recognize an object)
  4. Inability to plan, organize, sequence and make abstract differences
33
Q

S/s of Alzheimer’s

A 
Limb rigidity
Flexion posture
Disorientation
Recent memory impairment
Impaired judgment 
Gait disturbances
34
Q

Cause/incidence of AD

A

Most common cause of dementia
Earliest complaint= loss of short term memory
Acetylcholine deficiency

35
Q

Management of AD

A

Donepezil (Aricept)
Galantamine (Razadyne)
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
*Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are often prescribed in conjunction with NMDA receptor antagonists sucj as Memantine to improve thinking and ADL’s

36
Q

Cerebellar Function

A

Balance and coordination
+ Romberg
Finger to nose test
Heel-to-shin test

Psychosocial Disorders (1 decks)

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