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Developmental Review > Psychosocial > Flashcards

Psychosocial Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed Psychosocial Theory?

A

Erik Erikson

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2
Q

Where did Erik Erikson grow up?

A

Frankfurt, Germany

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3
Q

What brought Erikson to Vienna where Freud was?

A

Erikson was hired to teach art and other subjects to children of Americans who had come to Vienna for Freudian training

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4
Q

How was Erikson admitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute?

A

Through his teaching job in Vienna

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5
Q

What brought Erikson to America?

A

The facist movement

Erikson was Jewish

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6
Q

What aspects of Freudian theory did Erikson agree with?

A
  1. Psychosocial structures
  2. Unconscious and Conscious
  3. Drives
  4. Psychosexual Stages
  5. Normal-Abnormal continum
  6. Psychoanalytic Methodology
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7
Q

How did Erikson expand upon Psychoanalytic?

A
  1. Developed a set of eight psychosocial stages covering the lifespan
  2. Studying the development of identity
  3. Developing methods that reach beyond the structured psychoanalytic setting with adults
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8
Q

Example of how Erikson intergrated psychoanalytic with psychosocial:

A

Psychoanalytic: A toddler’s oral pleasure when making speech sounds

Psychosocial: the role of speech communication in shaping his relationship with his parents and significant others

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9
Q

What is cogwheeling of life cycles?

A

An adult’s needs to become caretakers coincide with children’s needs for caretaking

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10
Q

What psychoanalytic stage coincides with the psychosocial stage of Trust vs. Mistrust?

A

Oral-respiratory and sensory-kinesthetic

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11
Q

What psychoanalytic stage coincides with the psychosocial stage of Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt?

A

Anal-urethral and muscular

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12
Q

What psychoanalytic stage coincides with the psychosocial stage of Initiative vs. Guilt?

A

Infantile-genital and locomotor

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13
Q

What psychoanalytic stage coincides with the psychosocial stage of Industry vs. Inferiority?

A

Latency

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14
Q

What psychoanalytic stage coincides with the psychosocial stage of Identity and Repudiation vs. Identity Difussion?

A

Puberty

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15
Q

What psychoanalytic stage coincides with the psychosocial stage of Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation?

A

Genitality

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16
Q

Psychosocial Stages (in order):

A
  1. Basic Trust Versus Basic Mistrust (birth to 1 year)
  2. Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt (2-3 years)
  3. Initiative Versus Guilt (4-5 years)
  4. Industry Versus Inferiority (6-Puberty)
  5. Identity and Repudiation Versus Identity Diffusion (Adolescense)
  6. Intimacy and Solidarity Versus Isolation (Young Adulthood)
  7. Generativity Versus Stagnation and Self-Absorption (Middle Adulthood)
  8. Integrity Versus Despair (Late Adulthood)
17
Q

Stage 1: Basic Trust Versus Basic Mistrust (Birth-1 year)

A

Main task: aquire a favorable ration of trust to mistrust

Trust can predict that an infants mother will come back.

vs

Mistrust detects impending dangers or discomfort and discriminate between honest and dishonest persons.

18
Q

Stage 2: Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt (2-3 years)

A

New neurological and muscular development

AND

anxiety over seperation from parents and pooping themselves

19
Q

Stage 3: Initiative Versus Guilt (4-5 Years)

A

Taking initiative, forming and carrying out goals, and competing

vs

severe conscience that punishes sexual fantasies and immoral thoughts or behavior

20
Q

Stage 4: Industry Versus Inferiority (6-Puberty)

A

Children are excited about knowledge and work (I am what I learn) and being successful

vs

Failure brings feelings of inadequacy and inferority

21
Q

Stage 5: Identity and Repudiation (truthfulness) Versus Identity Diffusion

(Adolescence)

A

Integrate the various identifications they bring from childhood into a more complete identity

vs

teenagers are trying out new identities through the identities of their different peer groups

22
Q

Stage 6: Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation

(Young Adulthood)

A

Only if a well-intergrated identity emerges from Stage 5 can intimacy with others be possible

Intimacy and “us against them”

vs.

failed attempts at intimacy that lead to retreatment

23
Q

Stage 7: Generativity Versus Stagnation and Self-Absorption

(Middle Adulthood)

A

“Interest in establishing and guiding the next generation”

vs.

lack of generativity equals a lack in psychological growth

24
Q

Stage 8: Integrity Versus Despair

(Late Adulthood)

A

Have to live with what you built over lifetime, ideally integrity

vs.

Regret for what one has or has not done in lifetime

25
Q

How might psychosocial theory be applied in the real world?

A

Couselors draw on his work on adolescence to help young people successfully make personal and occupational decisions

26
Q

What was revolutionary about Erikson that influences today’s work in development?

A

Erikson included the idea that development continues throughtout adult life.

27
Q

What is the focus of new contemporary research on Erikson’s work?

A

Emerging adulthood

Because more teens go to college now, this period is considered the time between late teens and mid-twenties that is characterized by teens entering into adult world

28
Q

What were the mechanisms (broad ideas) of development for Erikson?

A

Physical maturation writes the general timetable for development.

Culture nurtures or destroys

Development is the resolution of conflict at different stages

29
Q

What was the specific mechanism of development in Erikson’s theory?

A

Play: imagination to try out ways of mastering and adapting to the world

Rituals: bring humans in every stage into the cultural mainstream and provide ready-made solutions to problems

30
Q

What were Erikson’s positions on developmental issues?

A
  1. Optimistic view of human nature
  2. Contextualistic worldview
  3. Nature determines sequence of stages
  4. Development is a lifelong process
31
Q

Strength of Psychosocial Theory:

A
  1. Expansion of Psychoanalytic Theory
  2. Broad Perspective given to children’s behaviors
32
Q

Explain Erikson’s Expansion of Psychoanalytic Theory:

A

Added:

  • psychosocial to the psychoanalytic
  • cutural to the biological
  • ego identity to the ego defenses
  • normal to the abnormal
  • cross-cultural to the culture-specific
  • child observations to adults’ reconstructions from childhood
  • adult development to child development

emphasis on cultural factors and life-span devleopment was especially important for Development as a field

33
Q

Explain Erikson’s Broad Perspective of Psychoanalytic Theory:

A

Broad perspective he gives to children’s behavior

Behavior influenced by his: history, present situation, and the past and present history of his own culture and world

34
Q

Weakness of Erikson’s Psychosocial:

A
  1. Lack of Systematicity
  2. Lack of Specific Mechanisms of Development
35
Q

Explain Erikson’s Lack of Systematicity

A
  1. Methodological inadequacies
  2. Observations laden with interpretations
36
Q

Explain Erikson’s Specific Mechanisms of Development:

A
  1. No explanation of how a child moves from stage to stage
  2. No explanation for how conflict is resolved in each stage

Developmental Review (5 decks)

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