Psychosis Flashcards
Define Psychosis
A mental state in which reality is greatly distorted
Name the three prevalent features of Psychosis
Delusions (Fixed false belief held firmly despite evidence to the contrary)
Hallucinations (Perception in the absence of external stimuli)
Thought Disorder
Describe the ICD10 class 1-8 of Psychotic Disorders
1 - Schizophrenia 2 - Schizotypal Disorder 3 - Persistent Delusional Disorder 4 - Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder (<1m) 5 - Induced Delusional Disorder 6 - Schizoaffective Disorder 7 - Other non organic Psychotic 8 - Unspecified
What is Schizotypal Disorder (AKA Latent Schizophrenia)?
Eccentric Behaviour, Suspiciousness, Unusual Speech
No Hallucinations or Delusions
More common in those with a first degree relative with Schizophrenia
What is Schizoaffective Disorder?
Symptoms of both Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder in the same episode, with mood disorder meeting criteria
What is Persistent Delusional Disorder
Single or set of delusions for at least 3 months
Other areas of thinking intact, unlike Schizophrenia
What is Folie à Deux?
‘Thought shared by two’
A delusional belief shared between two people
Name three common types of Delusions
Grandiose
Persecutory
Hyperchondriacal
Name three ways of classifying Delusions
Cause: Primary vs Secondary
Mood : Congruent vs Incongruent
Plausibility: Bizarre vs Non Bizarre
Name four Organic Causes of Psychosis
Drug Induced
Iatrogenic (Steroids)
Dementia
Delirium
Define Schizophrenia
Most common form of Psychosis characterised by Hallucinations, Delusions and Thought Disorders which lead to functional impairment
Give three PREDISPOSING risk factors for Schizophrenia
Neurochemical Imbalance (Increased Dopamine, Decreased GABA/Glutamate/Serotonin)
Family History
Substance Misuse
Give two PRECIPITATING risk factors for Schizophrenia
Smoking Cannabis
Adverse Life Events
Give three PERPETUATING risk factors for Schizophrenia
Substance Misuse
Poor Medication Compliance
Lack of Social Support
What are Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms for Schizophrenia?
Delusional Perception
Third Person Auditory Hallucinations
Thought Interference (Insertion, Withdrawal, Broadcast)
Passivity Phenomenon (They have no control)
Positive symptoms are normally seen in the ‘Acute Phases’ of Schizophrenia, and can be remembered by ‘Delusions Held Firmly Think Psychosis’. What does this mnemonic stand for?
Delusions Hallucinations Formal Thought Disorder Thought Interference Passivity Phenomenon
The negative symptoms are normally seen in the Chronic Phases of Schizophrenia. Give three features.
Avolution (reduced motivation)
Affect Blunted
Alogia (Poverty of Speech)
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Paranoid Schizophrenia.
Most common, dominated by positive symptoms
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Post Schizophrenic Depression.
Depression predominates with Schizophrenic illness in the past 12 months, and some symptoms still present
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Hebephrenic Schizophrenia.
Though disorganisation predominates
Illness onset is earlier (15-25)
Poorer Prognosis
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Catatonic Schizophrenia.
Rare form characterised by one or more Catatonic Sx
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Simple Schizophrenia.
Rare form with negative symptoms only (no psychotic)
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Undifferentiated Schizophrenia.
Meets criteria for Schizophrenia but doesn’t fit in any categories
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Residual Schizophrenia.
One year of chronic negative symptoms preceded by a clear cut psychotic episode
