Psychophysics and Signal Detection Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Just Noticeable Difference

A
  • smallest difference in stimuli that is perceivable
  • Ernst Heinrich Weber
  • Each JND is perceptually equivalent
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2
Q

Difference threshold

A

smallest difference you can perceive

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3
Q

absolute threshold

A

smallest physical intensity you can perceive

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4
Q

Methods of constant stimuli

A
  • measure all the way up and all the way down
  • Method of limits: ascending/descending, switch when answer changes
  • staircase method: go back one intensity rating as soon as as there is a change in response
  • adjustment method: let participant to adjust intensity
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5
Q

Solution to problem of stimulus magnitude ratings

A

cross modality matching: try to find commonalities across different sensory mediums.`

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6
Q

Weber Fraction

A

small weber fraction means high discriminability

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7
Q

Fechner

A

-discovered that JND is perceptually equivalent

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8
Q

Fechner’s Law

A

S = k log(R)

  • takes into account subjective perception
  • K is related to Weber’s fractions to account for different senses
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9
Q

Definition of an absolute threshold

A

-the sensory intensity at which a stimulus is detected 50% of the time

-

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10
Q

General labeled magnitude scale

A

a cross modal scale that allows difference in perception

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11
Q

why is pain logarithmic?

A

alarm function, as we get closer to injury it is more painful as biological warning

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12
Q

Modulus

A
  • a given stimulus with an assigned rating

- can be used to then compare to other relevant stimuli

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13
Q

Steven’s Power Law

A
  • S = aI^b
  • There is a relation between stimulus energy and perceived intensity
  • allows for exponential or logarithmic functions`
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14
Q

Cross Modality Matching

A
  • ask people to rate a stimuli on on a scale of a different sense
  • how sweet is a coke, on a scale of dB
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15
Q

sensitivity (in signal detection theory)

A
  • how well can you distinguish signal from noise

- sensitivity = Hits - False Alarms

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16
Q

Bias

A

how likely you are to say yes/no more or less

17
Q

Four responses in Signal detection theory

A

Hit: Yes to a present stimulus

Miss: No to a present stimulus

False alarm: yes to an absent stimulus

Correct Rejection: No to an absent stimulus