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Mental Health > Psychopharmacology, exam 2 > Flashcards

Psychopharmacology, exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychotropic meds do NOT cure patients with mental health disorders. So, if they don’t “cure” patients, what are they used for?

A

Psychotropic drugs help to manage the symptoms and manifestations of mental illness, so that a patient can function.

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2
Q

A patient is prescribed Lithium for her bipolar disorder. The patient says, “Thank god, I can finally cure my bipolar!” What is incorrect about this patients thinking? What is the lithium used for?

A

The psychotropic drug, Lithium, is not a cure for her illness. The lithium is used to help manage her bipolar symptoms so she can function more appropriately.

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3
Q

What is a big reason for non-compliance for patients taking psychotropic meds?

A

The patient states that they started feeling better, so they stopped taking their medication.

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4
Q

“Yeah, I stopped taking those pills yesterday. I started feelings better a week ago, so I figured I didn’t need them anymore.”
This sentence demonstrates a common statement regarding the patients what?

A

Non-compliance

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5
Q

What are 3 ways to ensure proper patient compliance?

A

-Encourage follow-up processes
-Make sure a patient understands the medication side effects
-Ensure proper administration of meds

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6
Q

“Start low and go slow.”

This sentence is in regard to what?

A

Medication dosage levels for children and the elderly.

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7
Q

What system is reduced in elderly patients that necessitates a lower dosage of medication?

A

Elderly patients have reduced metabolisms.

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8
Q

Why does “Start low and go slow” apply to children?

A

Children have underdeveloped metabolisms.

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9
Q

Most psychotropic meds have their effects at what synapse?

A

Neuronal synapse

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10
Q

Psychotropic meds having their effects at the neuronal synapse produces changes in what 2 things?

A

Neurotransmitter release and the receptors to which they bind.

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11
Q

Chemicals that convey information across the synaptic cleft, and are essential to human emotion and behavior are known as what?

A

Neurotransmitters

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12
Q

What do neurotransmitters convey their information across?

A

The synaptic cleft

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13
Q

Match these neurotransmitters with what they effect: Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Serotonin

a.) Mood
b.) Concentration
c.) Pleasure
d.) Fight-or-flight

A

a.) Mood
-Serotonin

b.) Concentration
-Noradrenaline

c.) Pleasure
-Dopamine

d.) Fight-or-flight
-Adrenaline

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14
Q

Match these neurotransmitters with what they effect: Gaba, Acetylcholine, Glutamate, Endorphins

a.) Learning
b.) Calming
c.) Euphoria
d.) Memory

A

a.) Learning
-Acetylcholine

b.) Calming
-Gaba

c.) Euphoria
-Endorphins

d.) Memory
-Glutamate

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15
Q

What is the most common neurotransmitter? It is involved with learning and memory.

A

Glutamate is the most common neurotransmitter, and it is involved with learning and memory.

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16
Q

Which neurotransmitter regulates the development and creation of nerve contracts?

A

Glutamate

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17
Q

Produced in stressful situations. Increases heart rate and blood flow, leading to a physical boost and heightened awareness.
Which Neurotransmitter is this?

1.) Noradrenaline
2.) Serotonin
3.) Acetylcholine
4.) Adrenaline
5.) Glutamate
6.) Gaba
7.) Endorphins
8.) Dopamine

A

4.) Adrenaline is produced in stressful situations. Increases heart rate and blood flow, leading to a physical boost and heightened awareness.

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18
Q

Calms firing nerves in the central nervous system. High levels improve focus, low levels cause anxiety. Also contributes to motor control and vision.
Which neurotransmitter is this?

1.) Noradrenaline
2.) Serotonin
3.) Acetylcholine
4.) Adrenaline
5.) Glutamate
6.) Gaba
7.) Endorphins
8.) Dopamine

A

6.) Gaba calms firing nerves in the central nervous system. High levels improve focus, low levels cause anxiety. Also contributes to motor control and vision.

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19
Q

Positively effects attention and responding actions in the brain. Contracts blood vessels, increasing blood flow.
Which neurotransmitter is this?

1.) Noradrenaline
2.) Serotonin
3.) Acetylcholine
4.) Adrenaline
5.) Glutamate
6.) Gaba
7.) Endorphins
8.) Dopamine

A

1.) Noradrenaline positively affects attention and responding actions in the brain. It contracts blood vessels, increasing blood flow.

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20
Q

Involved in thought, learning, and memory. Activates muscle action in the body. Also associated with attention and awakening.
Which neurotransmitter is this?

1.) Noradrenaline
2.) Serotonin
3.) Acetylcholine
4.) Adrenaline
5.) Glutamate
6.) Gaba
7.) Endorphins
8.) Dopamine

A

3.) Acetylcholine is associated with thought, learning, and memory. It activates muscle action in the body. Also associated with attention and awakening

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21
Q

Feelings of pleasure, also addiction, movement, and motivation. People repeat behaviors that lead to it.
Which neurotransmitter is this?

1.) Noradrenaline
2.) Serotonin
3.) Acetylcholine
4.) Adrenaline
5.) Glutamate
6.) Gaba
7.) Endorphins
8.) Dopamine

A

8.) Dopamine releases feelings of pleasure, addiction, movement, and motivation. Repeated behaviors lead to more dopamine release.

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22
Q

Involved in learning and memory, regulates the development and creation of nerve contracts. The most common neurotransmitter.
Which neurotransmitter is this?

1.) Noradrenaline
2.) Serotonin
3.) Acetylcholine
4.) Adrenaline
5.) Glutamate
6.) Gaba
7.) Endorphins
8.) Dopamine

A

5.) Glutamate is involved in learning and memory, and it regulates the development and creation of nerve contracts. Glutamate is the most common neurotransmitter.

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23
Q

Contributes to well-being and happiness. Helps the sleep cycle and digestive system regulation. It is affected by exercise and light exposure.
Which neurotransmitter is this?

1.) Noradrenaline
2.) Serotonin
3.) Acetylcholine
4.) Adrenaline
5.) Glutamate
6.) Gaba
7.) Endorphins
8.) Dopamine

A

2.) Serotonin contributes to well-being and happiness. It helps with the sleep cycle and digestive system regulation. It is affected by exercise and light exposure.

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24
Q

Released during exercise, excitement, and sex. It produces feelings of well-being, bliss, and reduces pain.
Which neurotransmitter is this?

1.) Noradrenaline
2.) Serotonin
3.) Acetylcholine
4.) Adrenaline
5.) Glutamate
6.) Gaba
7.) Endorphins
8.) Dopamine

A

7.) Endorphins are released during exercise, excitement, and sex. They produce feelings of well-being, bliss and reduced pain.

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25
Q

Gaba and Glutamate are a part of what neurotransmitter classification?

A

Amino Acids

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26
Q

Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are a part of what neurotransmitter classification?

A

Monoamines

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27
Q

Endorphins are a part of what neurotransmitter classification?

A

Neuropeptides

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28
Q

Acetylcholine’s are a part of what neurotransmitter classification?

A

Cholinergic

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29
Q

Antipsychotics, Mood Stabilizers, Antidepressants, Anxiolytic/Antianxiety,
Sedatives/hypnotics, and Stimulants are all types of meds that affect mood and behavior. Because of this, what classification would these drugs be placed under?

A

Psychotropic drugs

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30
Q

Lithium is the most common stabilizer of a persons what?

A

Mood; Lithium is a Mood stabilizer.

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31
Q

What is an example of an anxiolytic/antianxiety drug?

A

Benzodiazepines

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32
Q

In addition to being used as an anxiolytic/antianxiety medication, Benzodiazepines are used for what?

A

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal and perioperative sedations

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33
Q

What is a mental disorder that a stimulant may be used for?

A

ADHD

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34
Q

sedation, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, dry mouth and urine retention are ALL possible side effects of what drug type?

a.) Anticholinergics
b.) Extrapyramidals
c.) Psychotropics
d.) Tardive Dyskinesia’s
e.) Antipsychotics

A

a.) Anticholynergic side effects are sedation, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, dry mouth and urine retention

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35
Q

“Neuroleptics” is another word for what drug class?

A

Antipsychotics

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36
Q

“Extrapyramidal symptoms” are drug-induced movement disorders. What drug class is a big cause of Extrapyramidal symptoms?

A

Antipsychotics

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37
Q

Dystonia, Akathisia, Psuedoparkinsons, and Tardive Dyskinesia are all examples of what?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms

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38
Q

Antipsychotics are a big cause of extrapyramidal symptoms. What does “extrapyramidal symptoms” mean?

A

Drug-induced movement disorders.

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39
Q

Involuntary muscle spasms in the face, legs, arms and neck that mainly effects men, and people under 25, are all markers of what type of extrapyramidal symptom?

a.) Tardive Dyskinesia
b.) Psuedoparkinsons
c.) Dystonia
d.) Akathisia

A

c.) Dystonia

Dystonia is involuntary muscle spasms in the face, legs, arms, and neck that mainly effect men and people under the age of 25

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40
Q

What extrapyramidal symptom is marked by motor restlessness and fidgeting in women, between 50-60 days after drug therapy starts?

a.) Psuedoparkinsons
b.) Akathisia
c.) Tardive Dyskinesia
d.) Dystonia

A

b.) Akathisia is marked by motor restlessness and fidgeting in women, 50-60 days after antipsychotic drug therapy starts.

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41
Q

What extrapyramidal symptom is marked by tremors, shuffling gait, drooling, and is found mainly in women, the elderly, and the dehydrated within the 1st week of drug therapy?

a.) Psuedoparkinsons
b.) Tremornergia
c.) Akathisia
d.) Tardive Dyskinesia

A

a.) Psuedoparkinsons is marked by tremors, a shuffling gait, drooling, and is mainly found in women, the elderly, and dehydrated patients in the 1st week of drug therapy.

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42
Q

What extrapyramidal symptom is marked by irreversible, bizarre tongue and facial movement?

a.) Psuedoparkinsons
b.) Dysphasia
c.) Akathisia
d.) Tardive Dyskinesia

A

d.) Tardive Dyskinesia is marked by irreversible tongue and face movements.

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43
Q

True or False:

Tardive Dyskinesia is an acute, sudden response to antipsychotic drug therapy that is irreversible.

A

False:

Tardive Dyskinesia is not sudden, and its warning signs are early, so the disease can be halted if the drug therapy is stopped BEFORE it becomes Tardive Dyskinesia.

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44
Q

What scale is used to assess for early warning signs of Tardive Dyskinesia?

A

The AIMS scale

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45
Q

Place the AIMS scale numbers in order of severity:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4

-None
-Minimal (Normal)
-Mild
-Moderate
-Severe

A

It goes in order:

0-None
1-Minimal (Normal)
2-Mild
3-Moderate
4-Severe

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46
Q

Which generation of meds is considered typical, and which is atypical?

-1st generation
-2nd generation

A

1st generation is typical.
2nd generation is atypical.

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47
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia is more common in typical antipsychotic drugs. Which generation is that?

A

1st generation

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48
Q

What two FDA-approved medications are used to treat tardive dyskinesia?

a.) Melatonin and Botox
d.) B6 and Valenzona
c.) Austido and Ingrezza
d.) Benadryl and Choco lax

A

c.) Austido and Ingrezza are approved to treat tardive dyskinesia.

Fun fact, Botox is used to treat it as well.

B6 and other vitamins have no evidence that they treat tardive dyskinesia, but some people think that they help.

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49
Q

Cogentin, Benadryl, Symmetrel, and Artane are used to treat what type of symptoms?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms

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50
Q

What are the names of 4 drugs that some extrapyramidal symptoms are treated with?

A

-Cogentin
-Benadryl
-Symmetrel
-Artane

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51
Q

A rare, but fatal complication that is more common in 1st generation antipsychotic drugs, and requires ICU monitoring, is called what?

A

Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome.

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52
Q

What are the markers of Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome?

A

-Super high fever (107F)
-Muscle rigidity
-Tachycardia
-Tachypnea

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53
Q

What drugs are used to counteract Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Dantrolene Sodium drugs

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54
Q

Dantrolene Sodium drugs are used to counteract what syndrome?

A

Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome

55
Q

A patient is suddenly experiencing Myoclonus, (involuntary muscle contractions), along with mild shivering and diarrhea. It is found that he has been taking SSRIs for 3 days. What is the patient experiencing?

A

Serotonin syndrome.

56
Q

How does an SSRI cause Serotonin Syndrome?

A

It causes too much free serotonin to float around.

57
Q

A patient taking an SSRI is experiencing high fever, seizures, and rigid muscles. What is the patient experiencing? How is it treated?

A

Severe Serotonin syndrome.

Treatment for Serotonin syndrome is to stop taking the medication (SSRI) and wait up to 72 hours for symptoms to wane.

58
Q

The blockage of dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain and periphery, are the expected actions of what drug class?

A

Typical Antipsychotics.

59
Q

What are some diseases that would be treated with Typical Antipsychotics?

A

-Schizophrenia
-Manic Bipolar disorder
-Dementia
-Tourette’s
-Acute and Chronic Psychosis

60
Q

Thorazine and Mellaril are Typical Antipsychotic drugs with what level of potency?

A

Low potency

61
Q

Haldol and Prolixin are Typical Antipsychotic drugs with what level of potency?

A

High potency

62
Q

If you wanted to give a patient with schizophrenia a high potency typical antipsychotic, what would be a drug that you use?

A

Haldol or Prolixin

63
Q

What is the Antipsychotic drug that is mainly used to treat Schizophrenia?

A

Haldol

64
Q

What are 2 low potency typical antipsychotic drugs that you might give to a patient with dementia?

A

Thorazine and Mellaril

65
Q

Orthostatic hypertension is a risk when taking Typical Antipsychotic drugs. What are 3 ways to lower the risk of Orthostatic Hypertension?

A

-Monitor vital signs
-Give SLOW positional changes
-Teach a patient about the effects of their Antipsychotic medication

66
Q

1st generation typical Antipsychotics typically have what suffix in their name that allows for easier recognition?

A

-Zine

67
Q

If an Antipsychotic drug has the suffix
“-Zine” in the name, it is most likely a what?

A

1st generation Typical Antipsychotic

68
Q

“Neuroendocrine” effects of Antipsychotic drugs can be gynecomastia, and galactorrhea. What is the difference between gynecomastia and galactorrhea?

A

Gynecomastia is the development of excess breast tissue in men.
Ak: Man-Boobs.
“Guy”-neco is man-titties.

Galactorrhea is lactating when you shouldn’t be.
“Lact”-orrhea is lactation.

69
Q

Gynecomastia and galactorrhea are classified as “neuroendocrine” effects because their effects have to do with what?

A

Hormones (endocrine system)

70
Q

An Agranulocyte is a white blood cell (WBC), and the suffix “-Osis” means: Cellular lysis (death).

So, what is Agranulocytosis?

A

WBC death

71
Q

What does Agranulocytosis mean for the body?

A

An increased risk of infection and decreased immunity due to WBC death.

72
Q

The atypical antipsychotic with which agranulocytosis can occur, is named what?

A

Clozapine

73
Q

Clozapine is an Atypical antipsychotic drug that can lead to decreased immune function. How does it do this?

A

By causing Agranulocytosis.

74
Q

Skin effects such as photosensitivity and contact dermatitis can result from what class of drug?

A

Typical antipsychotic drugs

75
Q

A patient is given a Typical Antipsychotic drug to treat Manic Bipolar disorder. The patient asks, “How long will it take before they start to work?” What is the appropriate response?

a.) I am not sure; An individual’s immune function makes it so that the time it takes varies.
b.) Most likely you should feel the effects within 24-72 hours.
c.) Most likely it will take between 2-4 weeks. But it may take months.
d.) The therapeutic effects will work when they work, so long as you maintain usage.

A

c.) Most Typical Antipsychotics take anywhere from 2-4 weeks to start affecting the patient but can also take months.

That is why it is important to stress that patients keep up with their meds and do not quit early.

76
Q

Which of these patient diagnoses would the giving of a Typical Antipsychotic be contraindicated?

-Severe depression
-Parkinson’s disease
-Prolactin-Dependent Breast cancer
-Severe hypotension

A

All of them

77
Q

Typical Antipsychotic drugs have negative interactions when used concurrently with what other 3 things?

A

-Anticholynergic effect drugs
-CNS depressants
-Levodopa

78
Q

An advantage of atypical antipsychotics is that they relieve both positive AND negative symptoms.
What is the difference between a positive symptom and a negative symptom?

A

A positive symptom is a symptom that SHOULD be present with a disease.
(Ex: Schizophrenia positive symptoms are hallucinations, and delusions.)

A negative symptom is when you are lacking a normal bodily behavior or function because of the disease.
(Ex: Schizophrenia negative symptom is low energy)

79
Q

One of the most common Atypical Antipsychotics is risperidone. What is the brand name of Risperidone?

A

Risperdal

80
Q

Risperdal can be given through with administration route? How long does it last?

A

Risperdal can be given as an IM injection that lasts 2 weeks

81
Q

Another common Atypical Antipsychotic is aripiprazole. What is the brand name for aripiprazole?

A

Abilify

82
Q

Abilify and Risperdal are two examples of what type of drug class?

A

Atypical Antipsychotic

83
Q

The atypical antipsychotic ziprasidone is NOT used in patients with heart problems because it increases their QT intervals. What is the brand name for ziprasidone?

A

Geodon

84
Q

Geodon, the atypical antipsychotic, is not used for patient with heart problems. Why?

A

It increases their QT intervals.

85
Q

If you wanted to treat both positive and negative symptoms, which of the 2 antipsychotic drug classes would you use? Typical, or Atypical?

A

Atypical treats positive and negative symptoms

86
Q

If a patient is being monitored for agranulocytosis after taking the atypical antipsychotic drug, Clozaril/Clozapine, how often would they have to come in to have their lab values checked?

What if they were moved to outpatient?

A

Every week

Every week for 6 months.

87
Q

What drug is the gold standard in treatment for mood-stabilizers?

A

Lithium

88
Q

What are the lab values for Lithium?

A

0.6-1.2

89
Q

What is the teratogenic class of Lithium?

A

D, or X depending on who you ask…
But officially D

90
Q

Why is Lithium a class D drug?

A

Because it takes 1 to 3 weeks for Lithium to have therapeutic effects, which is 1 to 3 weeks of the drug affecting the baby.

91
Q

What is the most common drug used to treat bipolar disorder and acute mania?

A

Lithium

92
Q

True or False:
Lithium can be used to treat Bulimia, Schizophrenia, and Alcoholism.

A

True:

Lithium can be used to treat Bulimia, Schizophrenia, and Alcoholism.

93
Q

What is the therapeutic name for mood-stabilizers?

A

Anticonvulsants

94
Q

Depakote is an Anticonvulsant, and it is used alongside what other mood-stabilizer to treat acute manic attacks?

A

Depakote is used with Lithium to treat acute manic attacks.

Depakote is used to DECREASE manic attacks, and then Lithium is used for long-term care.

95
Q

If you see Stevens-Johnstons syndrome, this is a side effect from what type of drug class?

A

Anticonvulsants

96
Q

Nystagmus is also an adverse CNS effect from Anticonvulsants. What is Nystagmus?

A

Nystagmus is when you can’t control your eye movements.

97
Q

Leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia are all examples of Dyscrasia. Dyscrasia is an adverse side effect of Anticonvulsants. What is Dyscrasia?

A

Abnormal blood levels, usually low.
-Leukopenia is low WBC
-Anemia is low RBC
-Thrombocytopenia is low platelets

“Your blood is a Dyscrasia!!!!”

98
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors are rarely used antidepressants because of all the different interactions they have. What are these antidepressant “Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors” casually called?

A

MAOIs

99
Q

What type of antidepressants require strict diet adjustments to use?

A

MAOIs

100
Q

Nardil, Marplan, parnate, and emsam patches are all examples of what type of antidepressant?

A

MAOIs.

You know they are MAOIs because of their goofy fuckin names that you’ve never heard of, because they are rarely used.

101
Q

Serotonin, Dopamine, Adrenaline, and Noradrenaline are all Monoamine neurotransmitters. Because of this, what type of Antidepressant class would inhibit them?

A

MAOIs

102
Q

High-Tyramine foods, like aged cheese, and meats like salami and pepperoni, as well as drinks like red wine and beer, all have adverse reactions when used with what class of Antidepressant?

A

MAOIs

They are the “no-fun-food” drugs.

103
Q

MAOIs: Nardil, Parnate, and Marplan adverse medication interactions can be remembered with the pneumonic: NPM. What does NPM mean?

A

-No
-Popular
-Meds

104
Q

Aw shit, this guy has tremors, he is sweating, and dizzy! Aw shit, this fucker’s eating a god-damn block of cheddar cheese! He’s got a pounding heartbeat and his blood pressure it up! Oh fuck!! He’s got a fuckin’ jar of pickles too, oh Christ! Is that a bottle of fuckin’ red wine?!? You fool!!!!

What is this patient experiencing? Why?

A

Adverse reactions of MAOIs from interactions with High-tyramine foods like aged cheese, and red-wine

105
Q

True or False:
Cream cheese and cottage cheese are ok for patients using MAOIs.

A

True:

Cream cheese and cottage cheese tyramine amounts are low.

106
Q

True or False:
Yogurt, sour cream, gouda, and mozzarella cheese are ok to take when on MAOIs

A

True:

In moderation. These are higher levels on tyramine than cottage cheese and cream cheese, but still safe if spaced out.

107
Q

True or False:
Raisins, Swiss cheese, Parmesan, and sourcrout are ok to take when on MAOIs.

A

False:

Aged cheeses like Swiss and Parmesan, as well as Raisins and sourcrout are bad because they are high in tyramine.

Also, sourcrout is German, and the Germans started both WW1 and WW2. So, it’s bad just because of that.

108
Q

The Tricyclic class of Antidepressants inhibit 3 things. Hence the “-Tri” prefix in Tricyclics. What are the 3 things that Tricyclics inhibit?

A

-Serotonin
-Norepinephrine
-Alpha Receptors

109
Q

“Got depression? Got Bipolar? Then hop on an “x” and ride away!”

What is the “x” in this sentence?

A

Tricyclic

110
Q

What would a Tricyclic typically be used for? (Hop on a tricyclic and ride away!)

A

Depression or Bipolar

111
Q

Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Alpha receptors are inhibited by what class of Antidepressants?

A

Tricyclic

112
Q

True or False:
Diabetic, Seizure, and Coronary issue patients are safe to use Tricyclics because of its Anticholynergic effects.

A

False:

Diabetic, Seizure, and Coronary issue patients should NOT take tricyclics.

113
Q

Here’s an example of an atypical antidepressant:
“Depression hurts, “x” can help.”

What Atypical Antidepression drug belongs where the “x” is?

A

Cymbalta

114
Q

John is on the atypical antidepressant drugs: Wellbutrin, to treat depression, and Zyban, to stop smoking. He is scheduled to take them ever 4-6 hours. John realizes that he missed his 2nd dose of the day, and it is time for his 3rd dose. John decides to take his 2nd dose of the day with his 3rd dose of the day.

Is it ok to double up on an antidepressant drug dose?

What will happen if John dose this?

A

No, never double up on any drug dose. educate patient of proper dosage procedures in the future. Skip the 2nd dose and just get on track tomorrow.

If John doubles up, he will risk a seizure.

115
Q

How does Zyban help stop smoking?

A

It inhibits dopamine uptake.

116
Q

What is the therapeutic drug classification for Benzodiazepines?

A

Antianxiety

117
Q

The biggest side effects overall for Benzodiazepines is what?

A

Sedation

118
Q

CNS depressions such as sedation, lightheadedness, and ataxia are common in what kind of antianxiety drug type?

A

Benzodiazepines

119
Q

Benzodiazepines are typically used for what type of short-term abuse?

A

Short term alcohol abuse.

120
Q

Why is Benzodiazepine really only treated for short-term alcohol abuse, rather than long term?

A

Because Benzo has high addiction levels.

121
Q

Diazepam and Alprazolam are the generic names for what two Benzodiazepines?

A

-Diazepam is Valium

-Alprazolam is Xanax

121
Q

Valium and Xanex are the most common brands of what type of drug?

A

Benzodiazepines

122
Q

What’s a good way to remember schedule 4 drug types, like Benzodiazepines?

A

“4 a.m.”

4, meaning drug schedule IV

a.m. meaning that benzodiazepine generic names often end with “-am.”

123
Q

Atypical Antianxiety drugs like BuSpar (Buspirone) can have their effects increased when used with what food?

A

Grapefruit juice

124
Q

Buspirone, aka, BuSpar, is a big player in the atypical Antianxiety drugs. It is more fast acting than other drugs. How long does it usually take for BuSpar to take effect?

A

1-2 weeks

125
Q

BuSpar is an atypical antianxiety drug used in OCD and PSTD patients, but it is used sparingly, because it can cause too much what?

A

CNS depression

126
Q

Because BuSpar, aka. Buspirone, can cause too much CNS depression in anxiety disorder patients, it is known as having a paradoxical drug effect. What does this mean?

A

That it can paradoxically create MORE anxiety, instead of relieving it.

127
Q

What kind of drug classification is Adderall under?

A

Stimulants

128
Q

Stimulants like Adderall raise the levels of 3 monoamine into the CNS. What are these 3?

A

-Serotonin
-Norepinephrine
-Dopamine

129
Q

Why would you give stimulants in the morning, but not the evening?

A

You will interfere with sleep if you give stimulants at night.

130
Q

Development of psychotic symptoms, chest pain, dysrhythmias, weight loss and CNS stimulation are all adverse effects of what drug type?

A

Stimulants

131
Q

Symptoms of lithium toxicity are likely to appear when the patient’s serum level is at or above …
A. 0.5 mEq/L
B. 5.0 mEq/L
C. 1.5 mEq/L
D. 1500 mEq/L

A

C.) 1.5

Lithium levels are 0.6-1.2

132
Q

Benzodiazepines, used for anxiety, produce a calming effect by which of the following actions?
A. Depressing the CNS
B. Decreasing levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain
C. Decreasing levels of dopamine in the brain
D. Inhibiting production of the enzyme MAO

A

A.) Depressing the CNS

Mental Health (6 decks)

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