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Psychopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are some side effects of Adderall?

A

What are some side effects of Adderall? Weight loss, insomnia, exacerbation of ticks, decreased seizure threshold.

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2
Q

What is the generic name of an Adderall

A

amphetamine

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3
Q

What’s the generic name of Ritalin

A

What’s the generic name of Ritalin?methylphenidate.

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4
Q

What’s the generic name for Concerta?

A

What’s the generic name for Concerta?methylphenidate.

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5
Q

What are some Side effects of Ritalin?

A

Side effects of Ritalin? Leukopenia, anemia, weight loss, insomnia, exacerbation of ticks, decreased seizure threshold.

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6
Q

What are the major classes of medications used for major neurocognitive disorder/dementia?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor’s, glutamate receptors antagonist/NMDA receptor antagonist.

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7
Q

Why do we use Succinylcholine?

A

It is a muscle relaxer and that we use for ECT

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8
Q

What is deep brain stimulation used for?

A

Parkinson’s disease, disabling dystonia, chronic pain, tremors, major depression.

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9
Q

What is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation used for?

A

Major depression, however side effects include seizures headaches and scalp pain.

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10
Q

What do you use for maintenance phase of bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium, valproic acid, lamotrigene, quetiapine, aripiprazole, intramuscular risperidone

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11
Q

TCA side effects

A

Histamine: weight gain, sedation
Alpha one: orthostasis, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
Muscarinic: delirium, blurry vision, dry mouth, constipation, urine retention
Tachycardia, PROLONGED QT INTERVAL, sexual dysfunction, decreased seizure threshold

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12
Q

Side effects of SSRI

A

G.I.: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, anorexia
Anxiety, agitation, insomnia
CNS: tremor, somnolence, headache
Sweating, dizziness
Sexual: anorgasmia, delayed ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, decreased libido

SIADH: leads to hyponatremia
Increased suicidality
Serotonin syndrome

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13
Q

Side effects of SNRI

A

Same as SSRI, plus:
Increased blood pressure and heart rate
Irritability, aggression, sédation, fatigue
Urinary hesitancy or retention

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14
Q

Side effects of benzodiazepines

A 
Dependence and with drawl the risk (short term only)
Increased risk for elderly (delirium, falls, cognitive impairment)
Amnesia
Respiratory depression (don't use olanzapine + Ativan)
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15
Q

What are the symptoms of withdrawal for heroine use

A

Dysphoria, insomnia, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, weakness, sweating, piloerection, nausea and vomiting, fever, dilated pupils, abdominal cramps, arthralgia, myalgia, hypertension, tachycardia, and crazy.

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16
Q

What do you use to treat the with drawl symptoms of heroin

A

Clonidine

17
Q

What are the with drawl symptoms of cocaine

A

Malaise, fatigue, hypersomnolence, depression, anhedonia, hunger, CONSTRICTED PUPILS, vivid dreams, psychomotor agitation, or retardation,

18
Q

How do antidepressants exert their therapeutic effect

A

By increasing catecholamines

19
Q

What do you have to watch out for when you use MAOIs

A

Risk of hypertensive crisis when used with sympathomimetics or ingestion of tyramine rich foods such as wine, beer, each cheeses, liver and smoked meats

20
Q

What are some melancholic features for depressive disorder’s?

A

Anhedonia, early-morning awakening is, depression worse in the morning, psychomotor disturbance, excessive guilt, anorexia

21
Q

What are atypical features in depressive disorder

A

When you have manic or hypomanic symptoms present during the majority of days during a major depressive episode

22
Q

What’s the Triad for seasonal affective disorder?

A

Irritability, carbohydrate cravings, hypersomnia

23
Q

What is rapid cycling?

A

Rapid cycling is defined by the occurrence of four or more mood episodes in one year (major depressive, hypo manic, or manic).

24
Q

What medication should be used for rapid cyclers?

A

Carbamazepine

25
Q

Criteria: persistent depressive disorder?

A 
CHASES. 2+ of: 
Poor concentration/difficulty making decisions
Hopelessness
Poor appetite or over eating
Insomnia or hypersomnia
No energy or fatigue
Low self-esteem

2 years of depression
2 listed criteria
Never asymptomatic for more than 2 months

26
Q

Treatment for persistent depressive disorder

A

Combination treatment with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is more efficacious then either alone.

Cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, and insight oriented psychotherapy are the most effective.

SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs

27
Q

What are the cognitive domains affected in neurocognitive disorders ?

A

Complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, and language, perceptual-motor skills, social cognition (interaction).

28
Q

What are the broad categories of delirium?

A 
Substance intoxication delirium
Substance with drawl delirium
Medication induced delirium
Delirium due to another medical condition
Delirium due to multiple aetiologies
29
Q

What is the clinical tool used for suspected delirium?

A

Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)

30
Q

Once delirium has been diagnosed, what investigations should be carried out?

A 
Fingerstick blood glucose
Pulse oximetry
Arterial blood gases
Electrocardiography
Metabolic panel
CBC
Urinanalysis
Urine culture
Urine drug screen
A blood alcohol level
Therapeutic drug levels
Hepatic panel
Thyroid hormone levels
Chest x-ray
Head CT, EEG, lumbar puncture
31
Q

What is the preferred agent for delirium?

A

Haloperidol

32
Q

What’s the thing between benzodiazepine and delirium

A

Benzodiazepines can cause, worsen, or prolong delirium so do NOT use unless treating delirium due to alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawl

33
Q

What’s the main difference between mild neurocognitive disorder and major Neurocognitive disorder?

A

Mild neurocognitive disorder: is able to perform IADLs

Major neurocognitive disorder: impaired performance of I ADLs/ADLs

34
Q

DX: cognitive impairment with stepwise increase in severity and focal neurologic signs

A

Vascular disease (mild or major neurocognitive disorder)

35
Q

What are the components of the Mini mental state exam?

A

Orientation
Registration – name three objects and repeat them
Attention – serial sevens or spell “world” backward
Recall
Language – no if’s and’s or butts verbal comprehension, written comprehension visual spatial skills

36
Q

What is the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease?

A

No cure truly effective treatment

Cholinesterase inhibitor’s, e.g. donepezil, rivastigmine

NMDA receptor antagonist: memantine

37
Q

Core features of Louis body disease

A

Progressive cognitive decline

Visual hallucinations
Parkinsonism at least one year after cognitive decline becomes evident
R.E.M. sleep behaviour disorder

38
Q

Treatment for Louis body disease

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor’s for cognitive and behavioural problems

Quetiapine or clozapine for psychotic symptoms

Levodopa-carbidopa for parkinsonism

Melatonin and/or clonazepam for rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder

39
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Three Ws of normal pressure hydrocephalus
Wobbly = gate disturbance
Wet = urinary incontinence
Wacky = cognitive impairment

Sample (2 decks)

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