Psychopharm Flashcards
What is dopamine involved in (4)
Fine muscle movement
Decision making
Release of hormones
Integration of emotion and thoughts
What disorders result from too much dopamine
Schizophrenia
Psychosis
Mania
What disorder result from not enough dopamine (2)
Parkinson’s
Depression
What is Norepineprhine (NE) involved in (4)
Mood
Attention
Arousal
SNS stimulation
What disorder is too much NE
Mania
Anxiety
Psychosis
Heightened arousal state
What disorders are from too little NE (2)
Depression
Lowered arousal state
What is serotonin ( 5HT) involved in (7)
Sleep regulation
Hunger
Mood
Pain
Libido
Aggression
Hormonal activity
What disorder is too much 5-HT
Anxiety
What disorder is too little (5-HT)
Depression
What is Histamine involved in (3)
Alertness
Gastric secretion
Inflammation response
What neurotransmitters are monamines (4)
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Histamine
What is Y- Aminobutyric acid (gaba) involved in (4)
Decreased anxiety
Decreases excitement
Decreases aggression
Anticonvulsant
What disorder can happen with too little gaba
Mania
Anxiety
Psychosis
What can happen with too much gaba
Reduction of anxiety
What is glutamate responsible for? (3)
Memory
Emotion
Cognition
What disorders can result from too much gaba (3)
Increase perception of pain
Anxiety
Restlessness
What disorders can result from too little glutamate (4)
Low energy
Difficulty concentrating
Insomnia
Psychosis
What are the amino acid neurotransmitters
GABA
Glutamate
What is acetylcholine responsible for (5)
PNS stimulant
Sexual and aggressive behavior
Memory
Learning
Mood regulation
What disorders come from too much acetylcholine
Depression
What disorders result from too much acetylcholine
Depression
What disorders result from too little acetylcholine
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
Huntingtons chorea
Which neurotransmitter is a cholinergic
Acetylcholine
What meds are considered antidepressants (4)
TCA
MAOIs
SSRIs
SNRIs
What are some patient teachings with SSRI Take with?
Avoid?
Medication should not
Take how long
Tell physican when
Take with food in AM
Taking with alcohol and antihistamines
Shouldn’t be stopped abruptly
1-3 weeks to work
Suicidal thoughts increase
What are some s/s of SSRI withdrawals
HA, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, achy muscles and chills, dizziness, tiredness
What are some SSRI side effects
Sexual disjunction
Insomnia
Bruxism- grinding of teeth in sleep
Dry mouth
Anxiety/agitation
What are some s/s of serotonin syndrome (SHIVERS)
Shivering
Hyper reflex is
Increased temperature
Vital signs instability
Encephalopathy
Restlessness
Sweating
What are some nursing interventions for Serotonin syndrome
Discounting offending agent
Maintain safe environment
Monitor physical and mental status
Give serotonin receptor blockers, dantrolene or diazepam
What are some side effects of TCA (5)
Sedations
Sexual dysfunction
Toxicity
Anticholinergic effects
Orthostatic hypotension
What are some patient teaching with TCA
Avoid alcohol
Lethal in overdose
take in evening
4-8 weeks
What are some side effects of MAOIs (4)
Sexual dysfunction
Anticholinerigcs effects
Food/drug interaction (Tyramine)
Hypertensive crisis
What are some foods with tyramine
Aged cheeses/meat
Soy
Yeast
Alcohol
Avocados and bananas
How long should the tyramine free diet last after stopping MAOIs
2 weeks
What are some general side effects of antipsychotics (3)
Anticholinergic effects
Weight gain
Sedations
What are some 1st generation side effects
Orthostatic hypotension
EPS
What are some 2nd generation antipsychotic side effects
DMT2
Dyslidpidema
Aganularcyctosis
What are some pt teaching for 1st gen antipsychotics
Sun exposure
Change position slowly
2-4 weeks
What are some pt teaching for 2 gen antipsychotics
Monitor s/s diabetes
Observe signs of infections
What are some EPS s/s (4)
Acute dystonia
Akathesia
Pseudoparkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia
What are some s/s of pseudoparkinsonism TRAP
Tremors
Rigidity
Akinesia/bradykensia
Postural gait
What is akathisia
Restless
Trouble standing still
What are some s/s of acute dystonia
Involuntary facial muscle spasms
What are some s/s of tardive dyskinesia (3)
rolling of tongue
Chewing motion
Facial dyskinesia
What is NMS
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Caused by using antipsychotics
What are some s/s NMS (6)
Drooling
High fevers
Sweating
Decrease LOC
Muscle rigidity
Tachycardia/tachypnea
What are some nursing interventions for NMS
Stop antipsychotic medication
Increase fluids
Give dantorlene, sedations, antipyretics
consider intubation if needed
What are some patient teaching with benzodiazepines (4)
Avoid alcohol
Caution with driving
Withdrawal is fatal
Highly addictive
What are some early withdrawal s/s of benzos
Anxiety
Sweating
Tremors
Dizziness
What are some long term s/s of withdrawal of benzos
Panic
Paranoia
Delirium
HTN
Muscle twitches
Seizures
What is the therapeutic ranges for lithium
0.5-1.2
What is the toxic level for lithium
> 1.5
