Psychopathology: Introduction and Historical Context (CHAP 1) Flashcards

1
Q

definition of a psychological
disorder (scientific)

A

“A Psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with duress or impairment in functioning, and a response that is not typically or culturally accepted.”

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2
Q

Science is (at least a good part of it) is

A

socially constructed

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3
Q

Social Constructivist Theory

A

Idea that learning is collaborative - it is built upon another’s contribution, and people build constructs and agree upon them (group, culture, etc)

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4
Q

A clear and complete insight into the nature of madness, a correct and distinct conception of what constitutes the difference between _________ has, as far as I know, not been found.

A

sane and the insane (Schopenhaur)

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5
Q

Making a clear defiinition of psychology is

A

Controversial

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6
Q

______ is the scientific study of psychological disorders

A

Psychopathology

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7
Q

the overall definition of a psychological
disorder is not ___________

A

universally agreed on

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8
Q

statistical infrequency or violation of social norms

A

Abnormality

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9
Q

the issues relating distress to individuals in psychological disorders is

A

highly functional people may be struggling
significantly inside but are resilient

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10
Q

Consumer of science
* Enhancing the practice
Evaluator of practice
* Determining the
effectiveness of the
practice
Creator of science
* Conducting research
that leads to new
procedures useful
in practice

A

Scientistpractitioner

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11
Q

Many mental health professionals take a scientific approach to their clinical work and are therefore referred
to as

A

scientist-practitioners

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12
Q

What is a psychological dysfunction?

A

“Cognitive, behavioural or emotion breakdown in functioning” , is it a spectrum as well!!!

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13
Q

This course and the text has a ____ towards evidence‐based
assessment and treatment

A

bias

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14
Q

entering a trance is considered _______ in some
cultures but not in others, so we do not label it as dysfunctional

A

atypical (atypical or not culturally expected)

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15
Q

Dysfunction – controllability?
▪ Widiger and Sankis (2000) suggest that whether it is beyond your
_____ should be considered

A

control

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16
Q

why the patient is seeking help

A

Presenting problem

17
Q

How many people have the disorder

A

Prevalence

18
Q

How many new cases occur within a period

19
Q

Proportion of males and females with a particular disorder

20
Q

at what age a disorder typically presents

A

Age of Onset

21
Q

the pattern of symptoms across time (chronic, episodic)

22
Q

anticipated course of the disorder

23
Q

Why a disorder begins

24
Q

Cutting holes in the skull to let evil spirits out

A

Trephination

25
Approach to disorders with (Chemical, genetic, structural theories)
Biological
26
Approach to disorders with (Psychoanalytic, behavioural, humanist) Integrative Approaches
Psychological
27
Measuring the correlation between factors, symptoms, etc “Measuring two variables and assessing the relationship between them, with no manipulation of an independent variable” (Correlation =/= Causation, does not differentiate which causes the other or if they are in tandem)
Correlational Etiology
28
Father of Modern Medicine
Hippocrates Believed psychological disorders probably occurred in the brain Humoral Theory: Brain functioning affected by four fluids in the body (depression = black bile) Excesses were addressed with blood-letting, temperature therapy Other cultures like Traditional Chinese Medicine aligned similarly in that it focuses on imbalance of supernatural energy Also believed there could be Psychosomatic causes of medical illness without apparent physical causes (eg; hysterical blindness)
29
The “talking cure”
psychoanalysis
30
Anna Freud
Her approach used Freud's ideas but presented them in a slightly different way, that abnormal behaviour is still due to the ego being deficient but not by purely “sexual” drives. Believed struggle or any conflict could lead to this abnormal behaviour.
31
▪ Originated from Freud’s drive theory (importance of biological drives that people must control to adapt to society) ▪ The unconscious conflict between the id and superego get re‐ enacted throughout a person’s life ▪ Core interpersonal conflicts are repeated in the relationship with the therapist (transference) ▪ Across STPPs, focus is on becoming aware of unconscious processes, and re‐enacting troublesome issues in relationship with therapist ▪ Brief: 16‐30 sessions ▪ More active and GOAL‐DIRECTED than psychoanalytic
Short‐term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STPP)
32
▪ Address interpersonal problems that underlie depression ▪ Stems from interpersonal theories of psychodynamic theory (Sullivan) but doesn’t focus on relation to id, ego... ▪ Develop more effective communication patterns and more realistic expectations about relationships ▪ Empirically supported therapy for depression (Cuijpers et al., 2011; Cuijpers, Karyotaki, de Wit & Ebert, 2020
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) for Depression
33
Your nature (archetypes) is present from birth, and your environment brings it out; fundamentally believes people have a positive orientation to grow, set goals, etc
Carl Jung:
34
Uses information about relationships to alter intrapsychic variables
Intrapsychic
35
Explicitly attempts to alter relationship functioning
Interpersonal
36
very little technique, mainly empathy, and to have unconditional positive regard (always be supportive and positive in moving forward with what works to improve their conditio
“Person-Centred Therapy” Carl Rogers
37
Largely present focused, but also emotion focused Feelings and emotional experiences can cause client to be stuck A lot of “What do you feel” , and trying to connect it to issues they are experiencing
Les Greenberg and Emotion-Focused Therapy
38