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Psychiatry > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 ways thinking can be pathological?

A
  1. Nature - far removed from everyday experience
  2. Degree - usual experiences such as low mood etc are more keenly felt
  3. Social pressure - Society is unable to tolerate the degree of distress that some people cause to those around them
  4. Loss of function - occupational, social interaction, personal relationships
  5. Pervasiveness - Felt for long periods of time
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2
Q

What are the 2 classifications of psychopathology?

A
  1. Subjective

2. Objective

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3
Q

What is form of thought?

A

The structure or type of the phenomenon e.g. a fixed, false belief, or an unusual perceptual experience

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4
Q

What is the content of thought?

A

What the patient is more concerned about. It may have meaning for the patient in the context of their past life.

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5
Q

What is the definition of a delusion?

A

A fixed, (usually) false, unshakeable belief which is out of keeping with the patient’s educational, cultural and social background and held despite all evidence to the contrary

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6
Q

What are 3 types of delusions?

A
  1. Persecutory delusion
  2. Delusion of reference
  3. Grandiose delusions
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7
Q

What is persecutory delusion?

What might you ask to enquire about it?

A

A delusional belief that one’s life is being interfered with in a harmful way

‘Do you think you are being spied on, monitored, or does someone mean to cause you harm?’

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8
Q

What is delusion of reference?

What might you ask to enquire about it?

A

A delusional belief that external events or situations have been arranged so that a message is conveyed to the individual, or there is some other special significance.

‘When you watch TV or listen to the radio, are there any special messages there meant for you?’

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9
Q

What are grandiose delusions?

A

A delusional belief that the patient has special powers including:

  1. Extreme wealth
  2. Exceptional intelligence
  3. Powers such as a super-hero might have
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10
Q

What is the definition of a hallucination?

A

An internal percept without a corresponding object, perceived in external space and outside of conscious control

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11
Q

What is the definition of an obsession?

A

An idea, impulse or image, recognised by the patient as their own, but experienced as repetitive, distressing or intrusive

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12
Q

What is the definition of grandiosity?

A

An inflated sense of one’s own abilities or importance

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13
Q

What is the definition of compulsion?

A

A behaviour or action that is purposeless or unnecessary, that the patient feels a subjective urge to perform. The drive to perform the behaviour or action is recognised as originating in the patient

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14
Q

What is the definition of depersonalisation?

A

An unpleasant subjective report that the patient feels they are ‘unreal’

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15
Q

What are 4 types of hallucinations?

A
  1. Auditory
  2. Visual
  3. Tactile
  4. Olfactory/gustatory
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16
Q

What types of auditory hallucinations can people get (3)?

A
  1. 2nd person - hallucinations address patient directly
  2. 3rd person - a voice is discussing the patient
  3. Elementary - rattling, whistling, machinery
17
Q

What are more common precipitants of visual hallucinations?

A

Not so common in schizophrenia, more common in organic states:

  1. Drug withdrawal
  2. Some dementias
  3. Encephalitis
  4. Some epilepsies
  5. Occipital lobe tumours
18
Q

What are the 3 types of touch that might be affected in hallucinations?

A
  1. Superficial - heat, light touch (haptic hallucination), tingling and so on
  2. Kinaesthetic - to do with joint or muscle position sense - the limbs feel as though they are being twisted or muscles squeezed
  3. Visceral - false perceptions of inner organs
19
Q

What is nihilistic delusion?

A

A belief that the patient has died or no longer exists or that the world has ended

20
Q

What is an overvalued idea?

A

Ideas that are understandable and reasonable in themselves come to dominate the patient’s life

21
Q

What is an illusion?

A

A false perception - the perception of a real object is combined with internal imagery to produce a false internal percept

22
Q

What is derealisation?

A

An unpleasant subjective report that the patient feels the world has become ‘unreal’

Psychiatry (16 decks)

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