psychopathology Flashcards
What are the affects of infant deprivation?
weak, wordless, wanting , wary:
decr muscle tone, poor language and socialization skills, lack of basic trust, withdrawn, unresponsive infant,. deprivation for more than 6 months may lead to irreversible changes.
When does ADHD begin (age-wise)? What are associated brain differences? How many people have ADHD to persists to adulthood?
ADHD symptoms must begin before age 12.
patients have decreased frontal lobe volume/metabolism. As many as 50% of patients have symptoms that persist to adulthood.
conduct disorder
repetitive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of others (physical aggression, destruction of property, theft). After age 18, many pts meet criteria for antisocial disorder.
oppositional defiant disorder
enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms.
Tourrette syndrome: onset, duration of symptoms, associations, treatment
onset before age 18. sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic sterotyped motor and vocal tics that persist for MORE THAN 1 YEAR. associated with OCD and ADHD.
tx: antipsychotics and behavioral therapy
Rett disorder
X-linked disorder seen almost exclusively in girls (affected males die in utero or shortly after birth). symptoms usually become apparent around ages 1-4, including regression characterized by loss of development, loss of verbal abilitys, intellectual disability, ataxia, and stereotyped hand-wringing.
huntington disease neurotransmitter changes
decr. GABA, decr ACh, incr DA.
parkinson disease neurotransmitter changes
decr. DA, incr. 5-HT and incr ACh
dissociative amnesia
inability to recall important personal information, usually after severe trauma or stress. may be accompanied by dissociative fugue (abrupt travel or wandering during a period of dissociative amnesia, associated with traumatic circumstances).
What are the characteristics of psychosis?
delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized thinking.
What are cuases of tactile hallucinations?
common in alcohol withdrawal- sensation of bugs crawling on the skin. also seen in cocain abusers.
schizophrenia: definition, brain differences, risk factors
psychosis, disturbed behavior and though, and a decline in functioning that lasts more than 6 months. associated with incr. dopamine levels and decreased dendritic branching. patients must have 2/4 characteristics:
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms (flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech/thought).
frequent cannabis use is associated with psychosis and schizophrenia in teens.
brief psychotic disorder vs. schizophreniform vs. schizoaffective
brief psychotic disorder: symptoms last less than 1 month.
schizophreniform: 1-6 months
schizoaffective: at least 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms, plus a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode. may be bipolar or depressive.
delusional disorder
fixed false belief system lasting OVER 1 MONTH. functioning is not otherwise impaired (ex.: woman genuinely believes she is married to a celebrity when she is not).
dissociative identity disorder: definition, risk factors
presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states. more common in women. associated with a history of sexual abuse, PTSD, depression, substance abuse, somatoform and borderline.
