Psychopathology

Question 1

A- SI-
Example?

Answer 1

Intellectual personality disorder.
Average IQ is 100.
68% have an IQ of between 85 and 115.
Only 2% have an IQ of below 70.
Below 70 is deemed as unusual, so considered abnormal.

Question 2

A- DFSM-
Example?

Answer 2

Antisocial personality disorder.
(Impulsive, aggressive and irresponsible)
One symptom of APD is ‘the absence of pro social internal standards associated with failure to conform to lawful and culturally normative ethical behaviour,’
We are making a social judgement that psychopaths are abnormal because they do not conform to our moral standards.

Question 3

A- FTFA-
Example?

Answer 3

Intellectual disability disorder.
Having a vary low IQ.
An individual must me failing to function function adequately before a diagnosis is given.

Question 4

A- DFIMH-
Ideal mental health requirements?

Answer 4

No symptoms of distress
Rational and can perceive others accurately
We self actualise
We can cope with stress
We have a realistic view of the world
We have good self esteem and lack guilt
We are independent of other people
We successfully work, love, enjoy our leisure

Question 5

Phobias- BA- E-
Mowrer (1960)

Answer 5

Proposed the two process model

Question 6

Phobias- BA- E-
Watson and Rayner (1920)

Answer 6

Little Albert

Question 7

Phobias- BA- E-
De Jongh (2006)

Answer 7

73% of the people who had a fear of dental treatment, had experienced a trauma involving dental experiences.
Within a control group, only 21% had experienced a traumatic event

Question 8

Phobias- BA- T- f-
Gilroy (2003)

Answer 8

Followed 42 people who went through SD. In three 45 minute sessions. At both 3 and 33 months, the SD group were less fearful than a control group who just learnt relaxation, without exposure.

Question 9

Phobias- BA- T- F-
Wechsler (2019)

Answer 9

Concluded that SD is effective for specific phobias, social phobias, and agoraphobia.

Question 10

Phobias- BA- T- F-
Schumacher (2015)

Answer 10

Found that pps and therapies rated flooding as more stressful that’s SD. Which raises ethical issues.

Question 11

Depression-CA- E-
Beck (1967)

Answer 11

He created Becks negative triad, this took a cognitive approach to explaining why people are more vulnerable to depression.

Question 12

Depression-CA- E- ABC-
Ellis (1962)

Answer 12

He proposed that good mental health s the result of rational thinking, defined as thinking in ways that allow people to be happy and free from pain.

Question 13

Depression-CA- E- ABC-
Clark and Beck (1999)

Answer 13

Not only were cognitive vulnerabilities more common in depressed people but they predicted later depression.

Question 14

Depression-CA- E- ABC-
Cohen (2019)

Answer 14

Watched the development of 473 teens, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability. It was found that showing cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression.

Question 15

Depression-CA- E- ABC-
David (2018)

Answer 15

REBT can both change negative beliefs and relieve the symptoms of depression.

Question 16

OCD- BA- E- G-
Lewis (1936)

Answer 16

37% of parents had OCD, and 21% had siblings with OCD

Question 17

OCD- BA- E- G-
Taylor (2013)

Question 18

OCD- BA- E- G-
Nestadt (2010)

Answer 18

68% with MZ twins and 31%with DZ twins

Question 19

OCD- BA- E- G-
Cromer (2007)

Answer 19

Over half the people with OCD had experienced a traumatic event.