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micro economics > psychopathology > Flashcards

psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Defining abnormality in terms of statistics

A

The most obvious way to define anything as ‘normal’ or ‘abnormal is in terms of the number of times it is observed

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2
Q

Behaviour that is seen as rare is what?

A

Abnormal

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3
Q

What is deviation from social norms

A

Abnormality is based on social context

society make collective judgements about ‘correct’ behaviours.

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4
Q

One strength of statistical infrequency

A

Real-world application, useful in diagnosis

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5
Q

One limitation of statistical infrequency

A

Unusual characteristics can be positive (IQ 130)

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6
Q

One strength of Deviation from social norms

A

Real world application, diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder + schizo = useful for psychiatric diagnosis

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7
Q

one limitation of Deviation from social norms

A

situationally and culturally relative

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8
Q

Failure to function adequately

A

Inability to cope with everyday life

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9
Q

Rosenhan and Seligman proposed further signs of failure to cope

A
  • -> They no longer conform to interpersonal rules
  • -> They experience severe personal distress
  • -> They behave in a way that is irrational or dangerous
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10
Q

Johoda listed 8 Criteria

A
  1. We have no symptoms or distress
  2. We are rational and perceive ourselves accurately
  3. We self-actualise
  4. We can cope with stress
  5. We have realistic view of the world
  6. We have good self-esteem and lack of guilt
  7. We are independent
  8. We can successfully work, love and enjoy our leisure
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11
Q

Johoda listed 8 Criteria

A
  1. We have no symptoms or distress
  2. We are rational and perceive ourselves accurately
  3. We self-actualise
  4. We can cope with stress
  5. We have realistic view of the world
  6. We have good self-esteem and lack of guilt
  7. We are independent
  8. We can successfully work, love and enjoy our leisure
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12
Q

Behavioural characteristics of Phobias

A

Panic
Avoidance
Endurance

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13
Q

Emotional characteristics of Phobias

A

Anxiety
Fear
Emotional response is unreasonable

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14
Q

Cognitive characteristics of Phobias

A

Selective attention to phobic stimulus
Irrational beliefs
Cognitive distortion

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15
Q

Behavioural characteristics of depression

A

Low activity levels
Disruption to sleep and eating behaviour
Aggression and self-harm

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16
Q

Emotional characteristics of depression

A

lowered mood
anger
lowered self esteem

17
Q

Behavioural characteristic of OCD

A

Compulsions are repetitive
Compulsions reduce anxiety
Avoidance

18
Q

Behavioural characteristic of OCD

A

Compulsions are repetitive
Compulsions reduce anxiety
Avoidance

19
Q

Emotional characteristics of OCD

A

Anxiety and distress
Depression
Guilt and disgust

20
Q

Cognitive characteristics of OCD

A

Obsessive thoughts
Cognitive coping strategies
Insight into excessive anxiety

21
Q

The two-process model

A

Mower argued that phobias are learned by classical conditioning and then maintained by operant conditioning.

22
Q

Classical conditioning involves …

A

Association - UCS, NS, CS

23
Q

Little albert proved what about fear of other stimuli

A

The generalisation of fear to other stimuli, fear f other white furry objects

24
Q

If someone has a morbid fear of clowns and avoids circuses where they may encounter clowns what is this?

A

Negative reinforcement

25
Q

What does systematic desensitisation aim to do?

BA treating Phobia

A

Aims to gradually reduce anxiety through counterbalancing

26
Q

What do client and therapist create in order to battle the phobia?

BA treating phobia

A

Formation of a anxiety hierarchy

  • In order of least to most frightening
27
Q

What is flooding?

BA treating Phobia

A

Involves exposing a person with a phobia with the phobic object without a gradual build-up.

28
Q

How does extinction work?

BA treating Phobia

A

without the option of avoidance behaviour, the person quickly learns that the phobic object is harmless through the exhaustion of their fear response.

29
Q

Who came up with the negative triad?

CA explaining depression

A

Beck (1967)

30
Q

Are some people more prone to depression, if so why?

CA explaining depression

A

YES - because of faulty information processing

31
Q

What are the 3 elements to the negative triad?

CA explaining depression

A
  1. Negative View of the world
  2. Negative view of the future
  3. Negative view of the self
32
Q

What did Ellis (1962) create?

CA explaining depression

A

ABC Model

33
Q

What are the 3 elements of the ABC model?

CA explaining depression

A

A -activating event
B - Beliefs
C - Consequences

micro economics (2 decks)

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