Psychology unit 4 vocab quiz Flashcards
dispositional attribution
assuming that anothers behavior is due to personality factors, not situational ones
attributions
peoples explanations for why events or actions occur
situational attribution
attribution to factors external to an actor, such as the task, other people or luck.
explanatory style
ones habitual way of explaining life events. can be optimistic or pessimistic
optimistic
hopeful and confident about the future
pessimistic
seeing the worst side of things; no hope
actor-observer bias
the tendency to blame our actions on the situation and blame the actions of others on their personalities
fundamental attribution error
the tendency for observers, when analyzing another behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
self-serving bias
the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors
internal locus of control
the perception that you control your own fate
external locus of control
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate
mere exposure effect
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
self- fulfilling prophecy
an expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true
social comparison
evaluating ones abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others
upward social comparison
comparing ourselves to people who are better than we are with regard to a particular trait or ability
downward social comparison
comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we are with regard to a particular trait or ability
relative deprivation
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
stereotype
a generalized belief about a group of people
