Psychology Unit 4

Question 1

What is Classical Conditioning?

Answer 1

We learn to expect and prepare for significant events or stimuli (like food or pain) INVOLUNTARILY

Question 2

What is Operant Conditioning

Answer 2

We learn to repeat acts that reward and avoid acts that punish. VOLUNTARILY

Question 3

What is reinforcement?

Answer 3

Any event that strengthens a preceding response

Question 4

How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement?

Answer 4

Punishment is an event that decreases behavior while negative reinforcement still wants to increase behavior

Question 5

What is cognitive learning?

Answer 5

We learn things that we have neither experienced or observed

Question 6

What is associative learning?

Answer 6

Learning that two things/events occur together

Question 7

An example of unconditional stimulus

Answer 7

Smelling food and getting hungry

Question 8

What is unconditional stimulus?

Answer 8

A stimulus that naturally triggers a response with no training

Question 9

What is the neutral stimulus Pavlov used in his experiments?

Answer 9

He used a buzzer, bell, and tones that later became a conditioned response.

Question 10

What is generalization?

Answer 10

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to cause similar response

Question 11

What is the Law of Effect?

Answer 11

Behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and behaviors followed by punishment become less likely

Question 12

What is an example of habituation

Answer 12

Day one of a teacher asking for attention vs day 100

Question 13

What is Habituation?

Answer 13

Repeated stimulation produces reduced responsiveness

Question 14

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 14

A desire to preform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid punishment

Question 15

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 15

A desire to preform a behavior effectively for its own sake.

Question 16

What is learned helplessness?

Answer 16

The hopelessness and passive resignation a person acquires when unable to avoid aversive events.

Question 17

Personal Control

Answer 17

Our sense of impacting and directing our environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 18

Self Control

Answer 18

The ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification.

Question 19

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

Answer 19

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Question 20

Partial Reinforcement Schedule

Answer 20

Reinforcing a response only part of the time

Question 21

Problem Focused Coping

Answer 21

Attempting to alleviate stress by directly facing the problem

Question 22

Emotion Focused Coping

Answer 22

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor.

Question 23

What is a unconditional response?

Answer 23

A response that does not need to be learned and occurs naturally

Question 24

Neutral Stimuli

Answer 24

A stimuli that elicits no response

Question 25

What is Over justification effect?

Answer 25

Excessive rewards can destroy intrinsic motivation.

Question 26

Latent Learning

Answer 26

Learning that occurs naturally and apparent until a test.

Question 27

Acquistion

Answer 27

The initial stage of linking a NS and US together.

Question 28

What is higher order conditioning?

Answer 28

The conditioned stimulus in one conditioning is paired with a new neutral stimulus