Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Conceptual & Historical Issues in Psychology > Psychology Today > Flashcards

Psychology Today Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Who first measured intelligence?

A

Galton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who developed a better method of measuring intelligence? Why was his method better?

A

Alfred Binet.
It was better because:
- He used a range of tasks
- More closely aligned with cognitive function
- Practical not theoretical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did William Stern do?

A

Coined the term IQ. Also developed a mathematical formula for comparing intelligence across age groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How did Terman apply psychological testing?

A

In education. He saw it as a tool for eugenics to nurture the bright and institutionalise the ‘feeble-minded.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In which 2 ways did WW1 bring psychometric testing issues to the front? Which of these was useful and which wasn’t?

A

Psychometric testing for officer selection (Walter Scott) - This was relatively useful.
Mass intelligence testing for army alpha and army beta (Yerkes, 1920) - This was unhelpful.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of white American men were found to be ‘morons’?

A

47.3% or 30.3%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of Black men were found to be ‘morons’? What did this lead to?

A

79-89%. This led to restricted immigration from certain countries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were the problems with Yerkes (1920) method?

A
  1. Content - The extent to which they measured intelligence was questionable.
  2. Categorisation - People were categorised into bands of intelligence, but how these categories were determined was to identify top 5% of intelligence (circular reasoning) – this isn’t very meaningful.
  3. Interpretation of data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who were 2 clinical psychologists that had a strong influence?

A

Charcot and Witmer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organisations like the APA/BPS started to become full of ______ rather than ______.

A

Clinical psychologists, Academic psychologists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Elton Mayo discover? What was this?

A

The Hawthorne effect. This is the idea that any change in environment can cause an increase in productivity (regardless of what the change was).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Hebb (1949) do?

A

He tried to develop how to demonstrate learning on a neuronal level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What decade were EEGs developed in?

A

1920s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What decade were MRIs developed in?

A

1970s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What decade were fMRIs developed in?

A

1990s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did Floyd Allport study?

A

Group behaviour.

17
Q

What are some criticisms of Evolutionary Psychology?

A

‘Just so’ stories, biological basis for gender differences/maintaining social structures, potential unfalsifiability

18
Q

What sort of data is collected in quantitative research?

A

Numbers
Mostly correlational
Making assumptions across groups
Usually some form of statistical analysis

19
Q

What assumptions does quantitative data make?

A

Positivist approach
Materialist approach
Theory is falsifiable
Find universal causal relationships
Minimise noise/confounds
Assumptions of statistical tests

20
Q

Why is quantitative research carried out?

A
  • Test predictions of a theory
  • Determine causality
  • Observe relationships between variables
  • Control for noise
  • Replicability
21
Q

Why might you not carry out quantative research?

A
  • Poor construct validity
  • Poor practices/biases
  • Problematic use of statistics
22
Q

What sort of data is collected in qualitative research?

A
  • Language/text (eg. interview/focus group)
23
Q

What assumptions does qualitative research make?

A
  • Closer to idealism
  • Big and little Q
    Big Q: unstructured/observational
    Little Q: Qualitative is embedded within structured research
24
Q

What are the 4 big assumptions of Big Q?

A
  1. Inductive, flexible observation
  2. Reflexivity
  3. Cultivation of multiple interpretations
  4. Focus on researcher-participant relationships
25
Q

Why would you carry out qualitative research?

A
  • Richer, more nuanced understanding
  • Elaborative
  • Identify the needs of a participant
  • Sometimes no choice
26
Q

Why might you not carry out qualitative research?

A
  • Problem of induction
  • How do you test between theories and accounts?
  • Introspection
  • Generalisability
  • Same risk of bias (just without stats)

Conceptual & Historical Issues in Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions