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Psychology Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What is structuralism?

A

Focus on structure or basic elements of the mind. Introspective

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1
Q

What are the 4 main goals of psychology?

A
  1. describe
  2. Explain
  3. Predict
  4. Control
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2
Q

Who started structuralism?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

Edward titchner brought it to America

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3
Q

What is functionalism?

A

How people function in the real world. How people adapt, live, work, and play

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4
Q

Gestalt?

A

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Perception can only be understood as a complete event
Max wertheimen

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5
Q

Who created the first psychology lab? When? Where?

A

Wilhelm Wundt. Leipzig Germany. 1879

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6
Q

What is psychoanalysts?

A

Unconscious mind. Repressed urges create nervous disorders. Formed the basis for modern psychology

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7
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

Learned behavior and conditioning.

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8
Q

Who started behaviorism and conditioned dogs to salivate to a metronome

A

Ivan Pavlov

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9
Q

Who developed the “science of behavior”?

A

John b. Watson

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10
Q

Name the 7 different modern psychology theories

A 
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Sociocultural 
Biopsychological
Evolutionary
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11
Q

What is psychodynamic?

A

Modern version of psychoanalysis.

Development of sense of self. Motivations behind behavior.

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12
Q

What is behavioral?

A

Voluntary behavior is learned. Concept of reinforcement.

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13
Q

Who started behavioral?

A

B.F. Skinner

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14
Q

What is humanistic?

A

People have free will. Self actualization. Achieving ones full potential or actual self.

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15
Q

Who are the early contributors to humanistic?

A

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

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16
Q

What is the 3rd force in psychology?

A

Humanistic

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17
Q

What is cognitive?

A

Memory, intelligence,perception, retrieval.

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18
Q

What modern psychology theory was a major force emerging in the 1960’s?

A

Cognitive

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19
Q

What is sociocultural?

A

How society and cultures affect a person and their interactions.

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20
Q

What is biopsychological?

A

Behavior is a result of biological events in the body. Genetic influences

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21
Q

What is evolutionary?

A

Survival of the fittest. Examines biological basis of universal mental characteristics that all humans share

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22
Q

What are the 4 descriptive methods?

A

Naturalistic observation
Laboratory observation
Case study
Survey

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23
Q

What is naturalistic observation?

A

Study participant in their natural environment.

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24
Q

What is laboratory observation?

A

Watching participant in a controlled laboratory setting

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25
Q

What is a case study?

A

Study of an individual in great detail

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26
Q

What is a survey?

A

Researcher asks a series of questions about the topic under study. Participants are randomly selected. Large numbers of participants. Covert behaviors.

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27
Q

What is correlation?

A

The measure of the relationships between 2 variables.

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28
Q

What is positive correlation?

A

Variables are headed in same direction. Both increase or decrease.

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29
Q

What is negative correlation?

A

Variables go in opposite directions. One increase one decrease

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30
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Network of cells carrying information to and from all parts of the body.

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31
Q

What does the autonomatic system do?

A

Functions automatically

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32
Q

What does the somatic system do?

A

Sends messages from the central nervous system to voluntary muscles

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33
Q

What does the parasympathetic system do?

A

Resets and balances

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34
Q

What does the sympathetic system do?

A

Fight or flight. Reacts to stressful events.

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35
Q

What does the Peripheral nervous system do?

A

Everything else

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36
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Individual nerve cell that transmits information throughout the body

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37
Q

What are the order of events in a neuron?

A 
Dendrites
Soma
Myelin sheath 
Axon
Axon terminal
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38
Q

What are the 6 endocrine glands?

A 
Pituitary
Pinal
Thyroid 
Pancreas
Gonads
Adrenal glands
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39
Q

What does the pituitary glad do?

A

Master gland. Secretes human growth hormone

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40
Q

What does the pinal gland do?

A

Secretes melatonin. Sleep wake cycle

41
Q

What does the thyroid do?

A

Regulates growth and metabolism

42
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Controls level of sugar in the blood. Secretes insulin and glucagons

43
Q

What do the gonads do?

A

Regulates sexual behavior and reproduction. Secretes estrogen and testosterone. Ovaries and testes

44
Q

What does the adrenal gland do?

A

Deals with stress. Releases cortisol and 30 different hormones.

45
Q

Name the parts of the brain stem

A

Medulla
Reticular formation
Pons
Cerebellum

46
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

Responsible for breathing, swallowing, and heart rate

47
Q

What does the reticular formation do?

A

Selective attention. Ignores repetitive stimuli

48
Q

What does the pons do?

A

Connects top and bottom. Relays messages. Sleep, dreaming. Left/right coordination

49
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Little brain. Controls balance, fine motor movements, posture, muscle coordination

50
Q

What are the 4 parts of the limbic system?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala

51
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Relay sensory information. Not sense of smell

52
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Body temp. Hunger, thirst, controls pituitary gland.

53
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A

Forming long term memory and short term memory. Memory storage.

54
Q

What does the Amygdala do?

A

Responsible for fear responses. Memory of fear

55
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Outer covering of the brain. Higher thought process. Sensory input

56
Q

What are the left and right hemispheres connected by?

A

Corpus callosum

57
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the brain

A

Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe

58
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Visual center if the brain.

59
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Sensation. Center for touch taste and temp. Processed info from the skin

60
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Hearing, meaningful speech. Auditory cortex

61
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Higher mental process. Decision making, fluent speech. Motor cortex. Sends motor commands to muscles.

62
Q

What are the 2 areas of impairment in the cortex?

A

Broca’s aphasia

Wernickes

63
Q

What is brocas aphasia?

A

Speech. Damage to frontal lobe. Mispronounce words, speaks haltingly

64
Q

What is wernickes?

A

Language comprehension. Speaks clearly but makes no sense.

65
Q

What is transduction?

A

Converting outside stimuli into neural activity.

66
Q

What is a sensation?

A

Outside stimuli become neural signals.

67
Q

What is habituation?

A

Brain turns off stimuli. Ignores or prevents conscious attention to unchanging stimuli

68
Q

What is sensory adaption?

A

Sensory receptor cells turn off turn off stimuli. Less responsive to unchanging stimuli

69
Q

What is microsaccades?

A

Prevents sensory adaption in vision. Constant movement of the eyes.

70
Q

What is the visual spectrum?

A

400-700 nanometers. Higher red, lower blue.

71
Q

What are the 3 aspects of the perception of light?

A

Brightness
Color
Hue

72
Q

What do rods and cones do?

A

Rods react to low levels of light

Cones provide color

73
Q

What is the pathway of light through the structure of the eye?

A 
Cornea
Aqueous humor
Pupil
Lens
Retina
74
Q

What are sound waves?

A

Vibrations is the molecules of air that surround us,

75
Q

What is wavelength?

A

Pitch

76
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Volume

77
Q

What is purity?

A

Richness in tone. Timbre

78
Q

What is the structure of the ear? And the order of events in the ear

A 
Pinna 
ear canal
Eardrum
3 bones 
Cochlea
Organ of carti
79
Q

What is a pinna?

A

The outside structure of the ear. Collects sound waves

80
Q

What does the the ear canal do?

A

Funnels sound waves.

81
Q

What does the eardrum go?

A

Vibrates from sound waves

82
Q

What are the 3 bones in the ear?

A

Hammer, stirrup, anvil

83
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Snail shaped. Filled with fluid.

84
Q

What is the organ of carti?

A

Contains receptor cells for hearing. Transduction happens hear.

85
Q

Name the 2 types of hearing impsirment

A

Conduction

Nerve

86
Q

What are taste buds?

A

Taste receptor cells. Line the walls of the papila

87
Q

What is Gestation?

A

Sensation of tast

88
Q

What are the 5 basic tastes?

A 
Sweet
Sour
Salty
Bitter 
Umami
89
Q

What are the 3 somesthetic senses?

A

Skin senses
Kinesthetic sense
Vestibular sense

90
Q

What are the skin senses?

A

Touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. Sensory receptors located in the skin

91
Q

What are the kinesthetic senses?

A

Joints. Provides info about body’s movements and location in space. Coordination. Located in the muscle, joints, and tendons. Athletes need good kinesthetic senses

92
Q

What is the vestibular sense?

A

Inner ear. Balance

93
Q

What is perception?

A

Sensations experienced are interpreted and organized in a meaningful fashion

94
Q

What are the gestalt principles?

A 
Figure-ground
Reversible figures
Similarity 
Proximity
Closure
95
Q

What is the figure-ground principle?

A

The tendency to perceive objects or figures as existing on a background,

96
Q

What is reversible figures?

A

Unusual illusions in which the figure and ground can be reversed

97
Q

What is the similarity principle?

A

Perceive similar object as being part of the same group.

98
Q

What is the proximity principle?

A

Objects close to each other as part of the same group.

99
Q

What is the closure principle?

A

We tend to fill in blanks to form a whole. Example is is a circle made of dots. We see a circle.

Psychology Test (1 decks)

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