Psychology's Roots

Question 1

Who was known as the “father of psychology” and why?

Answer 1

Wilhelm Wundt; performed the first scientific psychological experiment

Question 2

Which research methods used introspection to study the mind?

Answer 2

structuralism; functionalism

Question 3

Who created the first psychology textbook?

Answer 3

William James

Question 4

Who was the creator of functionalism?

Answer 4

William James

Question 5

What is structuralism?

Answer 5

Structuralism is breaking the mind’s thoughts and processes into its most essential pieces.

Question 6

What is the difference between functionalism and structuralism?

Answer 6

Functionalism does not involve breaking down the mind’s thoughts.

Question 7

Who was the creator of psychoanalysis?

Answer 7

Sigmund Freud

Question 8

What is the definition of psychology?

Answer 8

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Question 9

Who was the creator of structuralism?

Answer 9

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 9

What is cognitive psychology?

Answer 9

Cognitive psychology is the way minds process thoughts; cognitive psychologists would say that the way we think determines our outcome.

Question 10

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 10

Psychoanalysis is a form of psychology that deals with the unconscious mind.

Question 11

What is humanistic psychology?

Answer 11

Humanistic psychology speaks of positivity and potential.

Question 12

What is behavioral psychology?

Answer 12

Behavioral psychology describes how one’s behavior influences the outcome and how environments can be changed to alter behavior.

Question 13

What is biological psychology?

Answer 13

Biological psychology looks at the brain’s physical makeup, and how that affects one’s behavior.

Question 14

What is socio-cultural psychology?

Answer 14

Socio-cultural psychology looks at how mental health and behavior varies throughout the world.

Question 15

What is evolutionary psychology?

Answer 15

Evolutionary psychology looks at how patterns of thoughts evolve for the survival of a species.

Question 16

What is behavioral genetics?

Answer 16

Behavioral genetics looks at how one’s genetics have an impact on their mental health and behavior; a common debate for behavioral geneticists is “nature-vs-nurture.”

Question 17

What is a case study?

Answer 17

A case study researches a single, typically abnormal case in great detail.

Question 18

What are the advantages of a case study?

Answer 18

• useful for abnormal cases

* can suggest new ideas for future research

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of a case study?

Answer 19

• ethical reasoning prevents research from being done until cases appear on their own

Question 21

Phineas Gage’s lobotomy is an example of a _____ _______ .

Answer 21

case study

Question 22

What is naturalistic observation?

Answer 22

Naturalistic observation is when a researcher studies a target group in a natural environment without interference.

Question 23

What are the advantages of naturalistic observation?

Answer 23

• displays how people behave in the real world

Question 24

What are the disadvantages of naturalistic observation?

Answer 24

• behavior displayed may not be natural because the observer can’t always truly be hidden
• observer bias; seeing what you predicted and missing other details

Question 25

An administrator standing in for a class to take notes is an example of _____________ ___________ .

Answer 25

naturalistic observation

Question 26

What is a survey?

Answer 26

A survey asks questions to identify general trends in large groups of people.

Question 27

What is the difference between a sample survey and a population survey?

Answer 27

Sample surveys are smaller, more specific, and easier to organize; population surveys are larger and more accurate, but also more difficult to organize.

Question 28

What are the advantages of a survey?

Answer 28

* easy for anyone to make | * very inexpensive

Question 29

What are the disadvantages of a survey?

Answer 29

• people can be unreliable; one type of person taking survey

Question 30

What is correlation?

Answer 30

Correlation is a research method that looks for relationships between different variables.

Question 31

What are the advantages of correlation?

Answer 31

• organized

Question 32

What are the disadvantages of correlation?

Answer 32

* experimentation not involved | * causal vs. correlational

Question 33

What type of correlation would height and weight have?

Answer 33

Height and weight have a positive relationship; as height increases, weight generally increases, as well.

Question 34

What type of correlation would absences and grades have?

Answer 34

Absences and grades have an inverse relationship; as the number of absences increases, grades generally will decrease.

Question 35

What is an experiment?

Answer 35

An experiment is when the researcher tests and changes different variables to see how the outcomes change.

Question 36

What is the control group?

Answer 36

The control group is the the group or variable that remains constant; the baseline.

Question 37

What is the experimental group?

Answer 37

The experimental group is the group or variable that is subject to change.

Question 38

What is informed consent?

Answer 38

Informed consent is a necessity in any experiment; the subject(s) must be informed of what is happening, and of any risks, and they must consent fully to the experimentation.