Psychology's Roots Flashcards
Who was known as the “father of psychology” and why?
Wilhelm Wundt; performed the first scientific psychological experiment
Which research methods used introspection to study the mind?
structuralism; functionalism
Who created the first psychology textbook?
William James
Who was the creator of functionalism?
William James
What is structuralism?
Structuralism is breaking the mind’s thoughts and processes into its most essential pieces.
What is the difference between functionalism and structuralism?
Functionalism does not involve breaking down the mind’s thoughts.
Who was the creator of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
What is the definition of psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
Who was the creator of structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is cognitive psychology?
Cognitive psychology is the way minds process thoughts; cognitive psychologists would say that the way we think determines our outcome.
What is psychoanalysis?
Psychoanalysis is a form of psychology that deals with the unconscious mind.
What is humanistic psychology?
Humanistic psychology speaks of positivity and potential.
What is behavioral psychology?
Behavioral psychology describes how one’s behavior influences the outcome and how environments can be changed to alter behavior.
What is biological psychology?
Biological psychology looks at the brain’s physical makeup, and how that affects one’s behavior.
What is socio-cultural psychology?
Socio-cultural psychology looks at how mental health and behavior varies throughout the world.
What is evolutionary psychology?
Evolutionary psychology looks at how patterns of thoughts evolve for the survival of a species.
What is behavioral genetics?
Behavioral genetics looks at how one’s genetics have an impact on their mental health and behavior; a common debate for behavioral geneticists is “nature-vs-nurture.”
What is a case study?
A case study researches a single, typically abnormal case in great detail.
What are the advantages of a case study?
- useful for abnormal cases
* can suggest new ideas for future research
What are the disadvantages of a case study?
• ethical reasoning prevents research from being done until cases appear on their own
Phineas Gage’s lobotomy is an example of a _____ _______ .
case study
What is naturalistic observation?
Naturalistic observation is when a researcher studies a target group in a natural environment without interference.
What are the advantages of naturalistic observation?
• displays how people behave in the real world
What are the disadvantages of naturalistic observation?
- behavior displayed may not be natural because the observer can’t always truly be hidden
- observer bias; seeing what you predicted and missing other details
An administrator standing in for a class to take notes is an example of _____________ ___________ .
naturalistic observation
What is a survey?
A survey asks questions to identify general trends in large groups of people.
What is the difference between a sample survey and a population survey?
Sample surveys are smaller, more specific, and easier to organize; population surveys are larger and more accurate, but also more difficult to organize.
What are the advantages of a survey?
- easy for anyone to make
* very inexpensive
What are the disadvantages of a survey?
• people can be unreliable; one type of person taking survey
What is correlation?
Correlation is a research method that looks for relationships between different variables.
What are the advantages of correlation?
• organized
What are the disadvantages of correlation?
- experimentation not involved
* causal vs. correlational
What type of correlation would height and weight have?
Height and weight have a positive relationship; as height increases, weight generally increases, as well.
What type of correlation would absences and grades have?
Absences and grades have an inverse relationship; as the number of absences increases, grades generally will decrease.
What is an experiment?
An experiment is when the researcher tests and changes different variables to see how the outcomes change.
What is the control group?
The control group is the the group or variable that remains constant; the baseline.
What is the experimental group?
The experimental group is the group or variable that is subject to change.
What is informed consent?
Informed consent is a necessity in any experiment; the subject(s) must be informed of what is happening, and of any risks, and they must consent fully to the experimentation.
