psychology - research methodology

Question 1

Laboratory Experiments

Answer 1

Experiments done in labs

Question 2

Field Experiments

Answer 2

Experiments done in field

Question 3

Quasi Experiments

Answer 3

Experiments done between lad and field, IV is not controlled by the experimenter

Question 4

credibility

Answer 4

Can the results can be trusted, closely related to bias

Question 5

generalizabillity

Answer 5

can the results be expand further in to a bigger population and maintain the results studied in the smaller sample group

Question 6

random sampling

Answer 6

randomly picked participants

Question 7

participant Bias - Acquiescence bias

Answer 7

participants not giving an honest answer

Question 8

Acquiescence

Answer 8

unwillingly agreeing to something

Question 9

validity

Answer 9

whether or not the study is valid

Question 10

internal validity

Answer 10

can it be sure that the DV is effected by the IV, but not any other confounding variables

Question 11

external validity - population

Answer 11

can the study be applied to other people in life?

Question 12

external validity - ecological

Answer 12

can the study be applied when there is a change in environment? ex. in lab and participants house

Question 13

independent measures

Answer 13

different groups are out in different situations, and measured

Question 14

pro of independent measures

Answer 14

avoidance of order effect

Question 15

con of independent measures

Answer 15

more people are needed and maybe differences between the participants in different groups

Question 16

Repeated Measures

Answer 16

The same participants take part in each condition

Question 17

pro of Repeated Measures

Answer 17

no participant variables

Question 18

con of Repeated Measures

Answer 18

there can be order effect

Question 19

order effect

Answer 19

participants having different performances. ex: practice and fatigue

Question 20

counter balancing

Answer 20

balances out order effect. 2 groups both take 2 conditions and use the mean of the 2 conditions from both group.

Question 21

Matched Pairs Design

Answer 21

participants will be listed and paired by their rank and randomly assigned in to groups

Question 22

pro of Matched Pairs Design

Answer 22

less participant variables, lowering the chances of confounding variables

Question 23

con of Matched Pairs Design

Answer 23

time consuming, low chance to find identical participants

Question 24

Controlled Observations

Answer 24

artificial environment and situation. can be repeated

Question 25

Naturalistic Observations

Answer 25

normal setting. ecological validity

Question 26

Participant

Answer 26

researcher becomes part. deeper understanding

Question 27

Non-participant

Answer 27

researcher is separate/outside the group. higher objectivity

Question 28

Overt

Answer 28

participants know they are studied. ethical

Question 29

Covert

Answer 29

participants don’t know they are studied. less demand characteristics, less social desirability bias, more valid behavior

Question 30

participant Bias - social desirability

Answer 30

participant giving an answer that the experimenter wants

Question 31

researcher bias - conformation bias

Answer 31

researcher experimenting expecting to get a result they expect

Question 32

researcher bias - sampling bias

Answer 32

samples are not adequate for the aims

Question 33

researcher bias - bias report

Answer 33

researcher not representing the findings equally

Question 34

researcher bias - leading question bias

Answer 34

asking questions in a particular order, that the participant is encouraged to answer in a particular way

Question 35

researcher bias - question order bias

Answer 35

previous questions influencing future answers to other questions

Question 36

participant Bias - dominant responded bias

Answer 36

a person in a interview or group influencing other people’s answers

Question 37

participant Bias - sensitivity bias

Answer 37

not honest answers are given when the subject is a sensitive topic