Psychology Part 2 Flashcards
William James also suggested that structuralists only looked at certain______________ whereas there were many points that needed to be taken into consideration
Points of consciousness
He believed in a ____________________ that should be observed as a ____________________ flow instead of pinpointing static points of consciousness.
Stream of consciousness
Continuous
Another difference in structuralism and functionalism was the ____________________ that they studied.
Environments
Structuralists used the ________________, and functionalists used the natural environment that people experience in _______________________________.
Labatory
Every day life
This introduced different subjects of psychology such as mental _________________, development of children, effectiveness of _____________________ practices, and the behavioral differences between ________.
Testing
Education
Sexes
These new subjects attracted ___________________ to the science of psychology.
Females
Eventually functionalism and structuralism gave away to the modern descendants of psychology: __________________ and ____________________________
Behaviorism
Applied psychology
Along with functionalism and structuralism, consciousness faded away from the __________________ to _______________ observations.
Subjective
objective
-meaning bias or concluding on personal opinions instead of fact.
Subjective
_____________ meaning factual or based on verifiable information
Objective
-founded the branch of ____________________, which is a theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only ______________________ behavior.
John Watson
Behaviorism
Observable
This revelation of how psychology should be structured; Watson wanted psychologists to ________________ the study of consciousness and ____________ on behaviors that could be observed directly
Abandon
Focus
-are any overt or observable response or activity of an organism
Behaviors
He thought that since no one can see or touch another person’s ________________ they are private occurrences
Thoughts
Since psychology was supposed to be a science that it should be able to study ______________________ observable behavior
Verified
He also confronted the issue of “_____________________________________.”
Nature versus nurture
Nurture versus nature is the debate concerned with whether behavior is determined mainly by ________________ inheritance (nature) or by _________________ and experience (nurture).
Genetic
Environments
Basically is an artist born or made with their talents? Behaviorists came to see psychology’s mission as relating behaviors (“________________”) to observable events in the environment (“__________”)
Response
Stimuli
A _______is any detectable input from the environment
Stimulus
A stimulus could be anything from _____________ and light to advertisements on TV.
Sound
This approach is often called _____________________________ psychology
Stimulus response
Behaviorism was introduced and accepted mainly due to __________________, a Russian physiologist.
Ivan Pavlov
His famous experiment of training dogs to salivate when they heard an ___________________ sound
Auditory
This showed the strong ________ that was formed in a stimulus-response experiment, and the evidence that behaviorist needed to pave the way to stimulus-response experiments.
Bond
This lead to the rise of _______________ research in psychology since ______________________ was no longer the focus of psychology.
Animal
Consciousness
One of the many reasons for the use of animals was that researchers could have more ________________ over their subjects whereas humans had many other ______________________ factors that came into play with their experiments.
Control
Complicated
Austrian
Sigmaid fraud
American
B.F skinner
Skinner was stating that
Free will was an illusion
Many psychologists found_____________________the two most influential schools of thought in psychology, to be unappealing and “dehumanizing.” As a result ______ was born
Found behaviorism and psychoanalytic
Humanism
a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth
Humanism
They believed that humans were __________ _________________ from animals which made the animal research ____________________ to human behavior.
Fundamentally different
Irrelevant
Two major figures in the Humanist movement was _________________________ and __________________________.
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Rogers said human behavior is governed by a person’s “_______________________” or an individual’s sense of self which animals cannot ___________________.
Self concept
Understand
In the 1950s psychology became a
Profession
There is a very practical side to the psychology along with a variety of professional services to the ______________.
Public
Psychologist’s work falls in the area of ______________ psychology, which is the branch that is concerned with everyday, practical problems
Applied
-psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.
Clinical
In the beginning most of the focus was on psychological ________________ and only a few psychologists were involved in clinical studies.
Testing
___________________ were a small minority in a field devoted primarily to ____________________.
Clinicians
Research
With the start of World War II, many academic psychologists were forced into ________________ as clinicians.
Service
There were mainly needed to screen military _______________ and to treat soldiers suffering from trauma
Recruits
Many of these psychologists found clinical work to be _____________________ and rewarding and continued practicing even after their service was over
Challenging
They did not have a shortage of patients because around __________________ American veterans returned to seek postwar treatment in VA (________________________________) hospitals
400,000
Veterans administration
-became a sought profession by many of the Ph.D graduates across the US.
Clinical psychology
The shift from research to clinical focus alarmed the _____________ psychologists.
Research
Scientific
Research psychology
Professional
Clinical
Tensions between the scientific and professional branches became so high that the some research psychologists formed a new organization apart from the APA (American Psychological Association) to form the_______
Aps
American Psychological Association is
Applied/clinical
American psychological Society is
Science/research
is dedicated to exclusively serving the science of psychology.
American psychological society
is the science that studies behavior and the psychological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems.
Psychology
The membership growth of the APA despite the APS served to show why psychology was the ______________ most popular undergraduate major.
2nd
In the beginning psychologists were mainly in universities and colleges, but now more than ________________ of psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, police departments, research institutes, government agencies, business and industry, schools, nursing homes, counseling centers, and private practices.
2/3
When receiving training ______________________ get a broad range of knowledge about many different areas within the field, but ______________________ is necessary for psychologists due to the many areas of study just within psychology.
Psychologist
Specialization
Another reason specialization is required is because there are certain ____________ and ______________ that are required in some areas of research
Skills
Training
There are __ major research areas of modern psychology
7
The seven major research areas of modern psychology are
Development, social, experimental,physiology, cognitive, personality, psychometrics
Applied psychology has ________ distinct areas of specialization:
4
Applied psychology has 4 distinct areas of specialization and they are
Clinical, counseling, educational and school, industrial and organization
There is a very practical side to the psychology along with a variety of professional services to the ______________.
Public
Psychologist’s work falls in the area of ______________ psychology, which is the branch that is concerned with everyday, practical problems
Applied
-psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.
Clinical
In the beginning most of the focus was on psychological ________________ and only a few psychologists were involved in clinical studies.
Testing
___________________ were a small minority in a field devoted primarily to ____________________.
Clinicians
Research
With the start of World War II, many academic psychologists were forced into ________________ as clinicians.
Service
There were mainly needed to screen military _______________ and to treat soldiers suffering from trauma
Recruits
Many of these psychologists found clinical work to be _____________________ and rewarding and continued practicing even after their service was over
Challenging
They did not have a shortage of patients because around __________________ American veterans returned to seek postwar treatment in VA (________________________________) hospitals
400,000
Veterans administration
-became a sought profession by many of the Ph.D graduates across the US.
Clinical psychology
The shift from research to clinical focus alarmed the _____________ psychologists.
Research
Scientific
Research psychology
Professional
Clinical
Tensions between the scientific and professional branches became so high that the some research psychologists formed a new organization apart from the APA (American Psychological Association) to form the_______
Aps
American Psychological Association is
Applied/clinical
American psychological Society is
Science/research
is dedicated to exclusively serving the science of psychology.
American psychological society
is the science that studies behavior and the psychological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems.
Psychology
The membership growth of the APA despite the APS served to show why psychology was the ______________ most popular undergraduate major.
2nd
In the beginning psychologists were mainly in universities and colleges, but now more than ________________ of psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, police departments, research institutes, government agencies, business and industry, schools, nursing homes, counseling centers, and private practices.
2/3
When receiving training ______________________ get a broad range of knowledge about many different areas within the field, but ______________________ is necessary for psychologists due to the many areas of study just within psychology.
Psychologist
Specialization
Another reason specialization is required is because there are certain ____________ and ______________ that are required in some areas of research
Skills
Training
There are __ major research areas of modern psychology
7
The seven major research areas of modern psychology are
Development, social, experimental,physiology, cognitive, personality, psychometrics
Applied psychology has ________ distinct areas of specialization:
4
Applied psychology has 4 distinct areas of specialization and they are
Clinical, counseling, educational and school, industrial and organization
