Psychology Of Pain

Question 0

Opening the gate

Increased pain perception

Answer 0

Physiological: C/Adelta fibres active
Medical: insufficient medication

Cognitive: focus on pain or boredom
Emotional: anxiety, fear, worry, depression
Personality: introvert

Question 1

Most common emotional aspects associated with pain

Answer 1

Anxiety (pain will get worse)
Fear (that it will severely harm them)
Depression (that it will never get better)

Emotional distress can make pain worse, so sometimes pain treated with antidepressants

Question 2

Closing the gate

Decreased pain perception

Answer 2

Physiological: Abeta fibers active
Medical: sufficient medication

Cognitive: distraction, concentration on other tasks, reinterpretation of pain
Emotional: happy, optimism, relaxed
Personality: extrovert

Question 3

Measuring pain - medical interview

Answer 3

Patients asked to use rating scale
Visual and verbal rating scale, box scale
McGill pain questionaire
Catastrophising questionnaire

Question 4

Measuring pain - physiological assessments

Answer 4

Changes in threshold for activation and autonomic activity changes
Imaging techniques to assess brain activity during pain

Question 5

Pain management programme

Answer 5

Led by multidisciplinary team

Help people understand wider impact that chronic pain can have. Gives them tools to tackle problems faced

Question 6

PMP

Clinical pyschology session

Answer 6

Help people explore impact of chronic pain on their lives: mood, feelings, behaviour.
Make sense of problems they are facing and learn practical techniques and coping strategies

Question 7

PMP

Physio

Answer 7

Help them to exercise properly which helps in physical and metal wellbeing

Question 8

PMP

Occupational therapy

Answer 8

Help people to manage day to day activities, return to tasks they used to do.
Focuses on setting personal goals and learning pacing and activity management skills

Question 9

PMP

Speicalist pain consultant sessions

Answer 9

Explore with group members how pain can develop and continue. Help people understand where pain is coming from and come to terms with it.
Highlight how medications work and most effective way to use them with other pain management techniques.

Question 10

Biographical disturbance

Answer 10

Illness as a radical break with the past that undermines everything we take flr grabted in everyday life.

• being a burdn
• uncertainty
• isolation
• stigma
• restricted lives

Question 11

Stigma types

Answer 11

Stigma is branding or marking
Enacted stigma: societal reaction causes dicriminatory responses
Felt stigma: expected societal reactions can change self identity

Question 12

Models of disability

Answer 12

Individual model: personal tragedy. Medical problem. Individual adjustment.
Social model: social oppression. Discrimination and rights. Inaccessable environments, underestimation of needs

Question 13

Biopsychosocial model of pain

Answer 13

Each one of the following can have minimalisation or intensification responses, both are dysfunctional.

• Behaviour (neglect or chronic pain behaviour)
• Appraisal (denial or catastrophising)
• Perception (reduction or augmentation)
• Physiological changes at nociceptive level (insensitivity or hypersensitivity)

Question 14

Catastrophising

Answer 14

Exaggerated negative orietnation towards pain.

• rumination (cant stop thinking about the pain)
• magnification (afraid it will get worse)
• helplessness (feel i cant go on)

LEADS TO FEAR AVOIDANCE MODEL

Question 15

Fear avoidance model

Answer 15

Disengagement
Activites reduced
Depressed pattern
DISABILITY