Psychology, Misc. Flashcards
define the following defense mechanisms:
Denial
Displacement
Projection
Rationalization
Reaction Formation
Regression
Repression
Sublimation
Denial: A patient refuses to admit they have an alcohol problem, despite being unable to go a single day without drinking excessively
Displacement: During lunch at a restaurant, a patient is angry at their sibling, but doesn’t express it and instead shouts at the server
Projection: A patient cheats on their significant other, while calling their partner the unfaithful one
Rationalization: A student fails a test because they didn’t study for it but tells friends they failed because the test was mostly trick questions
Reaction Formation: A patient is angry at their roommate for always paying the rent late but tells friends that the roommate is “nice” and ”a great person”
Regression: After failing a class, a student spends all day in bed in their pajamas, hugging a favorite childhood toy
Repression: A patient can’t remember their parent’s stroke, despite being there when it happened
Sublimation: A parent’s desire for revenge against the drunk driver who killed their child is channeled into starting a support group for people who’ve lost loved ones to drunk driving
define transference (psychology)
Definition: Occurs when patients unconsciously “transfer” feelings about important people from their early life onto the physician
Example: A patient has difficulty working with their psychiatrist who shares many characteristics of an overly critical and demanding parent.
define counter-transference (psychology)
Definition: Occurs when the physician transfers feelings from their early life onto the patient. Often used more broadly to denote any feelings physicians have about their patients.
Example: A doctor orders extra tests and spends extra time, at the expense of their other patients, with a patient who reminds them of their own grandparents.
transference vs counter-transference (psychology)
transference: Occurs when patients unconsciously “transfer” feelings about important people from their early life onto the physician
counter-transference: Occurs when the physician transfers feelings from their early life onto the patient. Often used more broadly to denote any feelings physicians have about their patients.
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological systems theory
• Microsystems: direct relationships and interactions children have with caregivers, siblings, peers
• The microsystem contains structures in which child interacts- school, neighborhood, childcare settings, family
• Children both influence and are influenced by these relationships and structures
• Mesosystem: interactions among the structures in the microsystem (bidirectional influences between neighborhoods and schools)
• Exosystem consists of larger social systems that impact structures in the microsystem- local politics, social welfare services, parent’s workplace, mass media
• Macrosystem- laws, cultural values, costumes, economic system
• Chronosystem captures the influence of time on child’s development
Gesell’s Maturational Theory of Development
• Child development occurs in a similar and predictable
sequence; age is a primary driver
• Development occurs systematically (cephalo-caudal;
proximal-distal)
Basis for developmental milestones
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 2 months?
motor: holds head up, pushes up while prone
social: smiles at people
communication: sounds other than crying
cognitive: watches you move
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 4 months?
motor: holds head steady
social: chuckles
communication: coos
cognitive: looks at hand
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 6 months?
motor: leans on hands to support while sitting
social: knows familiar faces
communication: responds to sound with sound
cognitive: brings objects to mouth
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 9 months?
motor: crawls
social: afraid of strangers
communication: lifts arms to be picked up
cognitive: watches path of something falling
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 12 months?
motor: some walking
social: plays games like patty cake
communication: “mama,” “dada,” simple gestures
cognitive: object permanence
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 1.5 years?
motor: may walk up steps
social: points to show interest
communication: says a few words
cognitive: copies you doing simple chores
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 2 years?
motor: kick a ball
social: plays beside other children
communication: two-word phrases
cognitive: follows simple 2-step directions
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 3 years?
motor: pedals a tricycle
social: takes turns
communication: can mostly be understood
cognitive: copies a circle
what are the motor, social, communication, and cognitive milestones at 4 years?
motor: alternate feet going down stairs
social: cooperative play
communication: first and last name, can understand what they’re saying
cognitive: names some colors
