PSYCHOLOGY MIDTERM Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Reflects a person’s subjective uniqueness. This representation comprises characteristics such as traits and behaviors, hobbies and interests, aspirations and goals

The individual Self

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

One example is the relationship between child and a school counselor

Microsystem

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

Being born to a poor family makes a person work harder everyday

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

Adjustments and experiences of students in online classes during this pandemic are involved in which ecological system

Chronosystem

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

In biological theory, activities and interaction patterns in the child’s immediate surroundings known as the

Microsystem

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Cultural beliefs and values are included in which system

Macrosystem

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

Eli’s father lost his job due to the rules applied during those pandemic, and because of what happened, the allowance given to Eli is not enough

Exosystem

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

It is the largest and most distant collection of people and places to the children that still have significant influences on them

Macrosystem

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

Sibling and best friends relationship is an example of

Mesosystem

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

Social settings that do not contain children but that affect their experiences in immediate settings

Macrosystem

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

Which is not one of the five categories of Bronfenbrenner context

None of the above

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A. Mesosystem B. Mesosystem C. Exosystem D. Macrosystem E. Chronosystem F. None of the above

The level that includes the interactions between the different Microsystem in a person’s life is the

Mesosystem

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A family to move from one community to another is not reflected in any of the systems

TRUE OR FALSE

False

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I’ve of Bronfenbrenner theories is that nothing in child’s life is static; things are constantly changing

TRUE OR FALSE

True

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I’ll be okay

Thought, feeling, Behavior

Thought

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Hiding under the table

Thought, feeling, Behavior

Behavior

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Praying

Thought, feeling, Behavior

Behavior

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Kalm

Thought, feeling, Behavior

Feeling

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I can do it

Thought, feeling, Behavior

Thought

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A. Thought B. Feeling C. Behavior

I’m good at this

Thought

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A. Thought B. Feeling C. Behavior

Eating cake

Behavior

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A. Thought B. Feeling C. Behavior

Taking a deep breath

Behavior

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A. Thought B. Feeling C. Behavior

Lonely

Feeling

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A. Thought B. Feeling C. Behavior

It’s my fault

Thought

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A. Thought B. Feeling C. Behavior She's mad at me

Thought

A. Thought B. Feeling C. Behavior Sad

Feeling

A. Thought B. Feeling C. Behavior Anxious

Feeling

Reflects a person's subjective uniqueness A. Individual Self B. Relational Self C. Collective Self

Collective self

Who developed the enological systems theory

Bronfenbrenner

Often include words but sometimes they can include pictures, speech, or even smells

Thoughts

He classified our thoughts on to tell systems

Daniel Kahn Mann

System 1 is characterized by A. Emotional B. Reflective C. Complex

Emotional

Covering your ears after you saw the lightning is an example of A. System 1 B. System 2

System 1

True or False They Mesosystem is the latest in which the child is embedded

False

System 1 or 2 Choosing which car to buy is an example of

System 2

True or false In Bronfenbrenner ecological systems theory, levels are categorized from the most intimate level to the broadcast

True

Developed a new form of psychotherapy for depression

Aaron beck

Reflects a person's subjective uniqueness

The individual Self

Dyadic bonds or attachments This representation comprises characteristics that are shared with close others and may define Rogers within the relationship

Relational self

Reflects membership in, as well as similarity and identification with, valued social groups This representation comprises characteristics that are shared with in group members and may define roles within the group

Collective self

Referring to a lot of different mental activities, including wishes, hopes, plans, predictions, judgements and memories

Thoughts

Seven basic emotions

Anger, Fear, Joy, Disgust, Sadness, Surprise, Neutral

He proposed that the relationship between thoughts, feelings and behaviours were inter-linked-changing one of the parts would have an effect on any of the others

Dr. Aaron T. Beck

He formulated the Ecological Systems Theory

Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner

Age, Sex, Special Needs

Individual

the smallest and most immediate environment in which children live Interactions within the microsystem typically involve personal relationships with family members, classmates, teachers and caregivers.

Microsystem

It is, in essence, a system of microsystems and as such, involves linkages between home and school, between peer group and family, and between family and community.

Mesosystem

pertains to the linkages that may exist between two or more settings, one of which may not contain the developing children but affect them indirectly, nonetheless.

Exosystem

is the largest and most distant collection of people and places to the children that still have significant influences on them.

Macrosystem

Is made up of the environmental events and transitions that occur throughout a child's life,

Chronosystem

The interactive process through which people learn

Socialization

Within socialization, a person develops a sense of

Self

Is the sum total of beliefs we each have about ourselves

Self-Concept

Human infants begin to recognize themselves in the mirror when they are about two years old

Recognizing oneself

parents, siblings, play groups, elders —are the FOREMOST FORCE IN DEVELOPING A PERSON'S CHARACTER.

Primary groups

Who is the one who created Socio Anthropological perspectives?

Charles Horton Cooley(1902)

The part of an individual’s personality composed of self-awareness and self-image. Mead claimed that the self is not there at birth, rather, it is developed with social experience

George Mead

Children mimic or imitate those around them. They start to learn language Incapable of taking in the perspective of others.

Stage 1: The Preparatory Stage (birth-about age 2)

During this stage, children play pretend as the specific other. They do not adhere to the rules in organized games.

Stage 2: The Play Stage (from about age 2 to six)

In this stage, children begin to understand and adhere to the rules of games. They start to understand the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of generalized others/the society They start to be concerned about the opinions of others that is why they start to act based on the expectations of society.

Stage 3: The Game Stage (from about age seven onwards.)

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology

PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Contend that the majority of psychological processes take place outside conscious awareness The activities of the mind (or psyche) are presumed to be largely unconscious

Primacy of the Unconscious

posits that early childhood events play a role in shaping personality early experiences— including those occurring during the first weeks or months of life set in motion personality processes that affect us years, even decades, later

Critical Importance of Early Experiences

psychodynamic theory points that nothing in mental life happens by chance— that there is no such thing as a random thought, feeling, motive, or behavior

Psychic Causality

the founder of psychoanalysis

SIGMUND FREUD

The unconscious includes drives and instincts that are beyond awareness but that motivate most human behaviors.

UNCONSCIOUS

mental representation of an inner bodily source of excitement

DRIVE

The preconscious contains images that are not in awareness but that can become conscious either quite easily or with some level of difficulty.

PRECONSCIOUS

Consciousness plays a relatively minor role in Freudian theory. Conscious ideas stem from either the perception of external stimuli (our perceptual conscious system) or from the unconscious and preconscious after they have evaded censorship.

CONSCIOUS

Raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality Satisfaction is the ultimate goal Primitive desires of hunger, sex, and aggression

ID ("it")

Due to constant battle between an id demanding instant gratification and a superego demanding constant restraint Rational and reasonable Reality Principle

EGO (“me”)

Right and wrong Develops at age 5 or 6 Learned from others

SUPEREGO (“over-me”)

Guides us toward socially acceptable behavior through the use of guilt and anxiety

Moral Ideals and Conscience

Stages of Pychosexual Development

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

BIRTH TO 1 Y/O Erogenous zone: mouth Satisfaction comes from putting all sorts of things in the mouth Activities are sucking, biting, swallowing

Oral Stage

1 Y/O to 3 Y/O Erogenous zone: anus Derives great pleasure in bowel or bladder control

ANAL STAGE

3 Y/O to 6 Y/O Erogenous zone: Genitals Child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences Conflict comes from erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear Boys experience Oedipus complex, while girls experience the Electra complex

PHALLIC STAGE

6 Y/O to Puberty Latent means “hidden” Focused on school works, hobbies and friendships

LATENCY STAGE

Puberty to Adulthood Restricted by social rules

GENITAL STAGE

founder of the school of individual psychology.

ALFRED ADLER

Middle child Hates being associated with Sigmund Freud Competitive with his older sibling, Sigmund(not Freud)

ALFRED ADLER

is an expression of the fictional goal of the personality, which is an image of success

SELF-IDEAL

People’s ability to freely shape their behavior and create their own personality. By the time children reach 4 or 5 years of age, their creative power has developed to the point that they can set their final goal.

CREATIVE POWER

socially non productive attempt to gain personal superiority

UPERIORITY COMPLEX/STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY

Capable of helping others without demanding or expecting a personal pay off, and are able to see others not as opponents but as people with whom they can cooperate for social benefit

STRIVING FOR SUCCESS

social feeling” or “community feeling,”; it means a feeling of oneness with all humanity

SOCIAL INTEREST

The term Adler used to refer to the flavor of a person’s life. It includes a person’s goal, self- concept, feelings for others, and attitude toward the world

STYLES OF LIFE

Aggressive, dominating People who don't have much social interest or cultural perception

RULING TYPE

Dependent people who take rather than give

GETTING TYPE

They expect others to look after them, over protect them, and satisfy their needs.

PAMPERED STYLE OF LIFE (weak social interest)

people who try to escape life's problems and take little part in socially constructive activity

AVOIDING TYPE

Children who feel unloved and unwanted are likely to borrow heavily from these feelings in creating a neglected style of life.

NEGLECTED STYLE OF LIFE

people with a great deal of social interest and activity

SOCIALLY-USEFUL TYPE

Consisted of parents, children, and any extended family members

FAMILY CONSTELLATION

position among siblings in the family

BIRTH ORDER

A perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization.

HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

The fundamental belief of humanistic psychology is that people are innately good It focuses on helping people live well, achieve personal growth, and make the world a better place.

HUMANISM

He is considered to be one of the founding fathers of Psychotherapy Research Person Centered Approach to Psychotherapy

CARL RANSOM ROGERS

the person must be in contact(either positively or negatively)to another person, which is the caregiver

Infancy

At a simple level, we might perceive ourselves as a good or bad person and beautiful or ugly. Self-image affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves in the world.

Real self

It consists of our goals and ambitions in life, and is dynamic–i.e., forever changing.

Idealself

means to emerge or to become; essence implies a static immutable Substance

Existence

Founded the school of LOGOTHERAPY

VIKTOR FRANKL

From the Greek word Logos, which means

”meaning”

Author of several books book: The Meaning of Anxiety Love and Will Power and Innocence

ROLLO REECE MAY

A phenomenological approach to understanding humanity.

Dasein

3 MODES OF DASEIN

UMWELT, MITWELT, EIGENWELT

Father of Operant Conditioning

BURRHUS FREDERICKSKINNER

strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding

Positive Reinforcement

strengthens behavior because it stops or remove an unpleasant experience

Negative Reinforcement