Psychology Midterm

Question 1

Charles Darwin

Answer 1

This English naturalist, the father of Evolutionary Psychology, established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry and proposed the scientific theory that he called natural selection

Question 2

Rene Descartes

Answer 2

Seventeenth century French Philosopher and Mathematician who believed that knowledge was innate; also theorized that the brain contained “animal souls” which flowed through tubes throughout the body and moved muscles, which became the precursory theory to the nervous system

Question 3

Sigmund Freud

Answer 3

Founder of psychoanalysis; proposed the first complete theory of personality (believed people were stressed out with things they don’t think about and childhood memories)

Question 4

William James

Answer 4

“the father of American psychology”
The founder of the functionalist perspective and contributed a theory of emotion that says emotions result from an arousing stimulus that causes a psychological reaction

Question 5

Edward b. Titchener

Answer 5

1867-1927; british-born American psychologist and Wundt’s most devoted student he founded structuralism, the first school of psychology that focuses on introspection

Question 6

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 6

German physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; published the first bone fide text book in psychology in 1874 and opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany

Question 7

Paul broca

Answer 7

(Brain) discovered broca’S area which controls language expression

Question 8

Phineas gage

Answer 8

Railroad worker who survived a severe brain injury that dramatically changed his behavior; case played a role in the development of the understanding of the localization of brain function

Question 9

Karl wernicke

Answer 9

“Wernicke’S area’’; discovered area of left temporal lobe that involved language understanding: person damaged in this area uses correct words but they do not make sense

Question 10

Albert bandura

Answer 10

Pioneer in observational learning, stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; conducted the Bobo study

Question 11

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 11

Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary response in dogs

Question 12

B.f skinner

Answer 12

Operant conditioning; believed everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning apparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pigeons and rats

Question 13

John Watson

Answer 13

Generalization-inductive reasoning, emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; conducted the little Albert study

Question 14

Noam Chomsky

Answer 14

Psychologist that specialized in language development; disagreed with skinner about language acquisition, stated there is an infinite number of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability to develop language

Question 15

Wolfgang kohler

Answer 15

Gestalt psychologist that first demonstrated insight through his chimpanzee experiments. He noticed the solution process wasn’t slow, but sudden and reflective

Question 16

Little Albert

Answer 16

Suspect in John Watson’s experiment, proved classical conditioning principles, especially the generalization of fear