Psychology, Localisation of the Brain

Question 1

What is the Frontal Lobe responsible for?

Answer 1

Social skills, problem solving and planning. Includes emotional traits and reasoning.

Question 2

What is the Parietal Lobe responsible for?

Answer 2

Receiving sensation (touch, pressure, temperature, etc), along with knowing right from left, reading and body orientation.

Question 3

What is the Occipital Lobe responsible for?

Answer 3

Vision and colour perception.

Question 4

What is the Temporal Lobe responsible for?

Answer 4

Performing complex auditory analyse (necessary for understanding human speech, listening to music and visual recognition).

Question 5

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

Answer 5

Speech production and understanding grammar.

Question 6

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

Answer 6

Language reception, speech comprehension and the creation of grammatically correct speech.

Question 7

What is Geshwind’s territory responsible for?

Answer 7

Providing the connection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area.

Question 8

What is Broca’s Aphasia and what are the effects?

Answer 8

Broca’s aphasia is the result of damage to the broca’s area. Individuals have difficulty speaking, putting grammatically correct sentences together and articulating words. Individuals can understand languages.

Question 9

What is Wernicke’s Aphasia and what are the effects?

Answer 9

Wernicke’s aphaisa is caused from damage to the Wernicke’s area. Individuals have difficulty understanding language. Individuals can produce sentences that are fluent, but they are meaningless (word salad).

Question 10

What does Basal Ganglia do?

Answer 10

Enables voluntary movement through gathering information from various areas of the brain, and channelling it to the motor cortex and feeding a complex feedback loop. Can block movement that doesn’t suit end goal.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the cerebellum?

Answer 11

Storing sequence of movement that have been previously learnt, coordinating and integrating information about movement, communicating with primary motor cortex.

Question 12

What is the Primary Motor Cortex responsible for?

Answer 12

The movement of the body’s skeletal muscles. The left side is responsible for the movement of the right side, vis versa.

Question 13

What are the 3 Steps in Voluntary Movement?

Answer 13

1. Selecting a response that will achieve desired goal.
2. Plan how the movement will physically occur.
3. Carry out movement via activating movement neurons.

Question 14

What is the Limbic System?

Answer 14

The Limbic System is the system in which emotion occurs. Implicated in memory, emotion, behaviour and motivation.

Question 15

What is the purpose of the Amyglada, and what system is it apart of?

Answer 15

The amyglada is central to the activation of emotion, aggression and fear. It’s important for conditioning and implicit learning. Apart of the Limbic system.

Question 16

What is the purpose of the Hippocampus, and what system is it apart of?

Answer 16

Purpose is regulation and expression of emotion, implicated in memory. Apart of the Limbic System.

Question 17

What is the purpose of the Hypothalamus and what system is it apart of?

Answer 17

The purpose is controlling emotion and motivated behaviours (eating, drinking, sexual activity). Implicated in basic survival actions. Controls the response to fear inducing/stressful stimuli. Apart of the Limbic System.

Question 18

What is the purpose of the Prefrontal Cortex?

Answer 18

The prefrontal cortex’s purpose is connecting the emotional processing and production regions of the brain. Involved in regulating and modifying emotions. Also involved in executive functioning and deciding between good and bad.

Question 19

Dendrites are…?

Answer 19

hundreds/thousands of branches coming off the soma. They receive information from other neurons, carrying from the synapse to the soma.

Question 20

The soma is…?

Answer 20

The largest part of a nerve, controls the metabolism and maintains of the neuron. Receives messages from other neurons.

Question 21

An Axon is…?

Answer 21

A nerve fibre that extends from the soma, carrying information towards the cells that communication with neurons.

Question 22

Myelin is…?

Answer 22

A covering around most neurons, facilitates the transmission of information to other neurons. Protects the axon from chemical and physical interference.

Question 23

Axon terminals are…?

Answer 23

Found at the end of the axon branch. Transmit messages to the next neuron. They have terminal buttons which secrete neurotransmitters, without touching they link one neuron onto the dendrites of another.

Question 24

What is the role of neurotransmitters?

Answer 24

Transmit information from one neuron to the next.

Question 25

What is synaptic transmittion?

Answer 25

It’s the process of neurons transmitting information between each other.

Question 26

Define and explain the Lock and Key Process

Answer 26

Presynaptic neurons fire moving the synaptic vesicles towards the presynaptic membrane. Some neurotransmitters will bind with receptors. Receptors act as locks that can only be opened with one particular neurotransmitter. If it fits, then the postsynaptic neuron is either activated or inhibited.

Question 27

What does the Excitatory synapse do?

Answer 27

Causes the target cells to become excited, making it more likely to fire and cause an action potential.

Question 28

What does the Inhibitory Synapse do?

Answer 28

Causes target cells to become inhibited and less likely to fire and cause action potential.

Question 29

What is Action Potential?

Answer 29

Action potential is a momentary change in the electrical potential in a cell, allowing messages to be given to towards other nerve cells.

Question 30

What is dopamine, and what’s its physical function? List 2 psychological functions.

Answer 30

Dopamine in a chemical found in the brain. It’s physical functions are deficiency being associated with Parkinson’s disease, uncontrollable tremors, and difficulty with movement. Reinforcing behaviours and pleasure rewards.

Question 31

What is serotonin, and what’s its physical function? List 2 psychological functions.

Answer 31

Serotonin is a chemical found in the brain, it’s physical functions are constriction of smooth muscles, regulating the sleep wake cycle, along with digestion, sleep and sexual functioning. Regulates mood, social behaviour and memory.