Psychology I Flashcards
Intragenerational mobility
Consider a family, Mary (mom), Jim (dad) and Ian (son).
Let’s say that Ian starts out in a “middle class” job, but eventually gets a “high class” job.
This is intRAgenerational mobility, meaning that there is a change in social class in IAN’S lifetime.
Intergenerational mobility
Consider a family, Mary (mom), Jim (dad) and Ian (son).
Let’s say that Mary and Jim are both “low class” (hairdresser and custodian). Ian starts out in a “middle class” job, but eventually gets a “high class” job.
Considering Ian’s parents in addition to Ian: across the generation between parents and child, there is a change in social group.
Intergenerational mobility
Consider a family, Mary (mom), Jim (dad) and Ian (son).
Let’s say that Mary and Jim are both “low class” (hairdresser and custodian). Ian starts out in a “middle class” job, but eventually gets a “high class” job.
Considering Ian’s parents in addition to Ian: across the generation between parents and child, there is a change in social group.
Social reproduction
Idea that your offspring are in the same class as you.
Meritocracy
People are able to earn their own success on their MERIT or success.
Random sampling — is it important or not?
VERY important!
Internal locus of control
The extent to which people believe they have power over events in their lives. A person with internal locus of control believes that he or she can influence events and their outcomes.
I’m 100% responsible for what I do to succeed.
External locus of control
The extend to which people believe they have power over events in their lives. A person with this blames outside forces for everything.
I have no say in my own success, I’m a product of my environment.
External locus of control
The extend to which people believe they have power over events in their lives. A person with this blames outside forces for everything.
I have no say in my own success, I’m a product of my environment.
Institutional discrimination
Discriminatory policies and practices favorable to a dominant group and unfavorable to another group that are systematically embedded in the existing structure of society in the form of norms.
Ex: include laws and decisions that reflect racism, such as the Plessy vs. Ferguson U.S. Supreme Court case. The verdict of this case ruled in favor of separate but equal public facilities between African Americans and non-African Americans.
Social stratification
Can lead to different demographics.
Refers to a society’s categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and power.
Cultural relativism
We can evaluate cultures from their own perspective (from that own culture’s lens).
Ethnocentrism
You perceive all cultures from your own perspective (your culture is best)
Confirmation bias
The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories.
Spearman’s idea of general intelligence
“G” - there is one type of intelligence: you’re smart or not
Gardner’s idea of eight intelligences
You can be emotionally smart, but not book smart, etc etc. There are many types of intelligence
Galton’s idea of hereditary genius
Eugenics. Some people are smarter and those people should be allowed to reproduce and stupid people should not be allowed to reproduce.
Binet’s idea of mental age
Behind IQ tests
Observational
You have to be able to see something to reproduce the behavior
Latent learning
You don’t have to change your behavior to learn something.
Nature vs. nurture
Really important
