Psychology Half Yearly Flashcards

Notes to remember for half yearly

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is a case study?

A

An in-depth investigation on people or groups

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2
Q

What is correlation?

A

Relationship between two variables. Positive correlation means that on variable increases the other, negative correlation means that one variable decreases the other and no correlation means the variables don’t effect each other.

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3
Q

What are structured interviews?

A

Fixed interview where there is social distance

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4
Q

What are unstructured interviews?

A

Conversation in which participant can raise topics. No set questions

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5
Q

What are questionnaires?

A

Written interview that can be done face to face, through telephone, or through post

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6
Q

What are covert observations?

A

Researcher observes in secret

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7
Q

What are overt observations?

A

When researcher explains that he/she is observing

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8
Q

What is a content analysis?

A

Used to indirectly observe the presence of certain words or images in media

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9
Q

What is a pilot study?

A

Run through of investigation procedure to find flaws in experiment

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10
Q

What is the first stage of sleep?

A

Light sleep, easily awakened, slower body movements and release of alpha and theta waves

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11
Q

What is the second stage of sleep?

A

Stop of eye movements, slower brain waves, brain produces sleep spindles

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12
Q

What is the third and fourth stage of sleep

A

Stage 3 = extremely slow delta waves are produced by the brain. Stage 4 = Almost only delta waves production. Deep sleep, hard to be awakened, less responsive, body heals and grows

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13
Q

What is the REM stage of sleep?

A

Average adult has 5-6 REM stages per sleep. Brain is more active, increased breathing, blood pressure and heartrate, allows body to memorise things from the day

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14
Q

What factors impact sleep?

A

Temperature (not below 12 or above 23), noise (shouldn’t exceed 40db), light(can disturb circadian rhythms and technology(no use an hour before sleeping)

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15
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

Throat blockage when sleeping causing breathing difficulties

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16
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness

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17
Q

What is somnambulism?

A

Sleepwalking

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18
Q

What is somniloquy?

A

Sleep talking

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19
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

Causes sensory or behavioural response

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20
Q

What is the Binet intelligence test?

A

Determines level of intellect and cognitive functioning. Can determine learning disabilities and giftedness. Includes fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visuospatial processing and memory

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21
Q

What is the Wechsler intelligence test?

A

45-65min intellect test for adults and children aged 6-16. Includes visual spatial, fluid reasoning, memory, processing and comprehension

22
Q

What is the Gardner intelligence test?

A

Suggests that there are different types of intelligence

23
Q

What is psychology?

A

The study of the human mind, its functions and influences

24
Q

What is a psychologist?

A

A person who treats mental illnesses that don’t require medication

25
Q

What is a psychiatrist?

A

A medical doctor who prescribes medication for mental illnesses

26
Q

Who is Charles Darwin?

A

English Naturalist famous for theory of evolution and Darwinism theory

27
Q

Who is Wilhelm Wundt

A

Considered the “Father of Psychology”. Founded the first psychological laboratory and research journal

28
Q

Who is Sigmund Freud?

A

Founded psychoanalysis and Freudian theory

29
Q

Who is William James

A

Founded pragmatism theory and philosophical school “Pragmatism”

30
Q

Who is B.F Skinner?

A

Founded operant conditioning and considered actions as consequences of previous actions

31
Q

Who is John B. Watson?

A

Conducted the “Little Albert” and “Kerplunk” experiment. Founded behaviourism school

32
Q

What is biopsychological?

A

Analyses how the thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by the brain, neurotransmitters and other body parts

33
Q

What is behavioural?

A

Believes behaviours come from environmental conditioning and other conditioning

34
Q

What is psychoanalytic?

A

Founded by Sigmund Freud who believed that making unconscious thoughts and motivations conscious, could cure mental illnesses

35
Q

What is humanism?

A

Helps people express creativity and see good in people as well as realising capabilities

36
Q

What is cognitive?

A

Study of mental processes including attention, creativity and memory

37
Q

What is sociocultural?

A

Explains that behaviours are affected by cultural, social and surrounding factors

38
Q

What is a lab experiment?

A

Controlled environment with standard procedure for accurate results

39
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

Artificially set up natural environment that can’t control extraneous variables

40
Q

What is Insomnia?

A

State of sleeplessness

41
Q

What is restless leg syndrome?

A

Uncomfortable sensations in legs

42
Q

What are night terrors?

A

Nightmares causing intense fear during sleep

43
Q

What is fatal familial insomnia?

A

Insomnia that slowly worsens causing physical and mental deterioration

44
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

Proposed explanation based on limited evidence

45
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

Hypothesis stating there will be no difference in results

46
Q

What is an alternate hypothesis?

A

States there is a change in results

47
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

Variable changed purposely to affect dependant variable

48
Q

What is a dependant variable

A

The variable affected by the independent variable

49
Q

What is an extraneous variable

A

Other variables that should be controlled in an experiment

50
Q

What is IQ

A

Intelligence quotient, formula measures intelligence and the average score is 100

51
Q

What is the IQ formula

A

IQ = mental age divided by physical age times 100