psychology follow up Flashcards

Question

norepinephrine

Answer 1

arousal, awareness

Answer 2

happiness, pleasure, sleep

Answer 3

contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle

Answer 4

Classical conditioning | dogs and bell; little albert

Answer 5

Once latent group is reinforced they perform through maze than always fed group and never fed group; suggests that reinforcement affects performance rather than learning

Answer 6

Observant Learning more likely to act aggressively if observing aggression Attention, Retention, Capability, Motivation

Answer 7

Describe what is happening→ Case Studies, Naturalistic Observation (room for bias’), Surveys Explain→ cause and effect relationship (dependent (how the plant grows) and independent (how much water you use) variables ) Predict→ Correlation (positive, negative, zero. Correlation coefficient r=+1 to -1→ strength and direction) Application→ Change or control

Answer 8

“general intellectual, moral, and cultural climate of an era” “spirit of an era” The Zeitgeist (spirit of the age or spirit of the time) is the dominant set of ideals and beliefs that motivate the actions of the members of a society in a particular period in time.

Answer 9

Structuralism→ Wilhelm Wundt à break conscious experience down into objective sensations (sight or taste), and subjective feelings (emotional responses, will, memories, dreams) Functionalism – William James à looks at how experiences help us function more adaptively in our environments Behaviorism – Broadus Watson and Skinner à study of observable behavior Gestalt Psychology – focuses on perception and how perception influences thinking and problem solving.

Answer 10

Social-learning (social-cognitive) theory → Learning through observation, reinforcement, and punishment Neo-Freudian theory→ More emphasis on conscious choices Cognitive→ Mental and Intellectual processes. Observe behavior, not just introspection (Piaget and Binet) Psychobiological→ Study the interaction between biology and thoughts and behavior Humanistic→ Emphasizes desires for self-actualization Sociocultural→ Studies diversity issues

Answer 11

Be skeptical Insist on evidence Examine definitions of terms Examine the assumptions or premises of an arguments Be cautious in drawing conclusions from evidence Do NOT over generalize

Answer 12

Case Study – detailed description of a person’s psychological problems and how a psychologist treated these problems Survey – large sample of people answer questions about their attitudes/behaviors Naturalistic Observation – observe people in natural habitats (Jane Goodall)

Answer 13

correlation does not match causation

Answer 14

put a term to use

Answer 15

Informed consent & debrief | Studies must pass the Institutional Review Board

Answer 16

Idea that traits and behavior are transmitted genetically

Answer 17

shared egg

Answer 18

not shared egg

Answer 19

central nervous system- brain and spinal cord (motor skills and senses) peripheral nervous system- nerves and ganglia Autonomic nervous system: smooth muscles, glandular functions, self regulating activities Sympathetic nervous system: fight or flight (eyes dilate, heart rate increases, inhibits digestion) Parasympathetic nervous system: opposite of sympathetic nervous system→ relaxes you and reverses the fight or flight reactions Sensory somatic nervous system: voluntary muscles

Answer 20

Starts with more synapse than you ever will have for the rest of your life You are born with all your neurons Adults can grow new brain cells Recognition (especially face and language) of self and others occur in first two years

Answer 21

Resting potential Depolarization action potential→ sending a message from dendrite through axon to terminal buttons all-or-none principle→ Fires or no fire. refractory period). Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 22

Brain trauma changed his personality | limbic system was cut off from frontal lobe

Answer 23

memory/language/speech

Answer 24

touch/spacial recognition/senses

Answer 25

initiate muscular activity

Answer 26

all senses except smell

Answer 27

hunger, thirst, aggression, sexual behavior, motivation

Answer 28

physical coordination, estimating, time, paying attention

Answer 29

emotions, smell

Answer 30

sex, hunger, aggression, memory and emotion

Answer 31

word recognition memory for words, numbers and positive emotion (analytical picture)

Answer 32

Facial recognition, memory for shapes and music, negative emotion (holistic picture)

Answer 33

natural selection

Answer 34

pairs two stimuli

Answer 35

pairs behavior and response

Answer 36

primary reinforcers: inherently reinforcing | secondary: stimuli a subject must learn to like (Money, praise ,high GPA)

Answer 37

weakens relationship between behavior and consequence (similar to CS not always pairing with US, baby will stop crying eventually is stop receiving attention)

Answer 38

gradual development of behavior is always based on positive reinforcement and gradual approximation

Answer 39

cognitive, latent, insight, observational

Answer 40

arrangement of chromosomes by size

Answer 41

Complexity Motor skills Physical Demand

Answer 42

Wilhelm Wundt à break conscious experience down into objective sensations (sight or taste), and subjective feelings (emotional responses, will, memories, dreams)

Answer 43

– William James à looks at how experiences help us function more adaptively in our environments

Answer 44

Broadus Watson and Skinner à study of observable behavior

Answer 45

focuses on perception and how perception influences thinking and problem solving.

Answer 46

→ Learning through observation, reinforcement, and punishment

Answer 47

More emphasis on conscious choices

Answer 48

Mental and Intellectual processes. Observe behavior, not just introspection (Piaget and Binet)

Answer 49

Study the interaction between biology and thoughts and behavior

Answer 50

Emphasizes desires for self-actualization | Sociocultural→ Studies diversity issues