PSYCHOLOGY FLE 2

Question 1

Stereotype threat

Answer 1

decrease in performance on tests that might reinforce negative stereotypes

example being: females performing poorly on math test secondary to cultural stereotypes that girls are bad at math prior to the test

Question 2

Belief perseverance

Answer 2

tendency to stick to your beliefs or ideas even when given evidence to the contrary

refuse to alter a belief even if faced with evidence challenging that belief

Question 3

Fluid intelligence

Answer 3

declines with age

able to reason quickly and abstractly

thought process and reasoning is fluid and quick

Question 4

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 4

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

remains relatively the same or improves into adulthood

Question 5

Implicit bias

Answer 5

attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions and decision in an unconscious manner

Question 6

implicit

Answer 6

unconscious

Question 7

explicit

Answer 7

conscious

Question 8

amelioration

Answer 8

improving something

Question 9

Stereotype

Answer 9

draw inferences about others based on the category to which they belong to

Question 10

Discrimination

Answer 10

positive or negative behavior toward another person based on group membership

Question 11

Attribution

Answer 11

inference about the cause of someone’s behavior

Question 12

Correspondence bias

Answer 12

tendency to make dispositional attributions when we should make a situation attribution

tendency to draw inferences about a person’s unique and enduring
dispositions from behaviors that can be entirely explained by the situations in which they occur.

Question 13

Dispositional attributions

Answer 13

based on person’s personality/characteristics

i.e. lazy

Question 14

Situation attriubtions

Answer 14

based on person’s situation/environment

i.e. driving fast because they need to get to the hospital

Question 15

Confirmation bias

Answer 15

tendency to seek out facts that coincide/support what you already belief

i.e. like democrats so only get new from CNN

Question 16

Availability heuristic

Answer 16

tendency to rely on readily available examples/resources that are relevant to the topic and neglect information that is less readily available

Question 17

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 17

overestimate dispositional factors when explaining the behavior of others and ignore situational factors

Question 18

Explain the attributions in the following example

Waiting in line at airport when you are cut off. Internally you think what a jerk. You later overhear that he is in a hurry due to a family emergency.

Answer 18

Initially critique internal factors of personality “jerk” so this is dispositional

You then learn his situation making this situational factor or attribution

Question 19

Observational learning

Answer 19

when someone learns a behavior by watching others perform that behavior

Question 20

Classical conditioning

Answer 20

form of learning where a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to obtain a conditioned response

Question 21

Taste aversion is an example of what form of learning

Answer 21

classical conditioning

a patient reports having eaten a pineapple from which she developed food poisoning. The patient now has nausea at the site of pineapple

Question 22

Instrumental conditioning is also known as

Answer 22

operant conditioning

Question 23

Type of memory used for a basic skill like typing or tying your shoes

Answer 23

implicit = unconscious awareness

Question 24

Explicit memory

Answer 24

intentional recall of past information/experiences

Question 25

Episodic memory

Answer 25

long term declarative memory for life events

Question 26

Semantic memory

Answer 26

long term declarative memory for conceptual information