psychology chapter 3-4

Question 1

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stge during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor tweitches) but other body systems are active.

Answer 1

REM rebound

Question 2

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Answer 2

hypnosis

Question 3

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Answer 3

posthypnotic suggestion

Question 4

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Answer 4

dissociation

Question 5

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Answer 5

psychoactive drug

Question 6

with repeated use, achieving the desired effect requires larger doses.

Answer 6

tolerance

Question 7

cumpulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

Answer 7

addiction

Question 8

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

Answer 8

withdrawal

Question 9

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Answer 9

physcial dependence

Question 10

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

Answer 10

psychological dependence

Question 11

. drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Answer 11

depressants

Question 12

(popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal if suspended, and a drive to continue use.

Answer 12

alcholol dependence

Question 13

drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

Answer 13

barbiturates

Question 14

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

Answer 14

opiates

Question 15

drugs (such as coaffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Answer 15

stimulants

Question 16

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Answer 16

amphetamines

Question 17

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoaactive drug in tobacco.

Answer 17

nicotine

Question 18

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Answer 18

methamephetamine

Question 19

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

Answer 19

ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 20

Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Answer 20

hallucinogens

Question 21

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

Answer 21

LSD

Question 22

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similare to drug-induced hallucinations.

Answer 22

near-death experience

Question 23

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

Answer 23

THC