Psychology Chapter 13

Question 1

With age adults experience ____ the loss of hearing due to a decrease in the flexibility of the eardrum as well as cellular loss in the inner ear.

Answer 1

Presbycusis

Question 2

Adults usually need reading glasses because of __, the lens becomes less flexible and the muscles of the eye weaken so adults have difficulty focusing “close up”.

Answer 2

Presbyopia

Question 3

In general lift and carry muscle __ declines by 10-15% by age 60 although the ability to hold a hand grip or push off against a wall, called __ strength, is more stable.

Answer 3

Strength, Isometric

Question 4

Less strength and added weight around abdomen and waist affects ____ and if an adult falls it is more dangerous because of ____ , declining bone density makes fractures more likely.

Answer 4

Balance, Osteoporosis

Question 5

In the gradual aging process women experience ____ when hormones such as estrogen and progesterone levels decline to such a degree that the menstrual period eventually ceases.

Answer 5

Menopause

Question 6

A short treatment of hormone ____ therapy during the transitional period of ____, might benefit younger adults, it is associated with increased risk of heart disease for women over 60.

Answer 6

Replacement, Perimenopause

Question 7

Although the male hormone ____ does decline with age, males do not become infertile and sexual dysfunction is often the result of stress or illness causing the lower hormone levels.

Answer 7

Testosterone

Question 8

____ is a leading cause of adult mortality and comes from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which spread to and reduce the functioning of internal organs.

Answer 8

Cancer

Question 9

____ comes in two forms, Type 1 which is genetic, the body doesn’t produce enough insulin, or Type 2 resistance to insulin, but it is this last one that is influenced by type of exposure or behavior.

Answer 9

Diabetes

Question 10

Both men and women have ____ disease, the characteristics of hypertension and high cholesterol leading to heart attacks, but women do not tend to have the symptom of chest pressure/pain.

Answer 10

Cardiovascular

Question 11

Stress causes a physiological fight or flight response and the release of the hormone __ is particularly damaging if stress occurs daily and is not well-managed.

Answer 11

Cortisol

Question 12

____- focused coping is when you make the attempt to solve the problem and thus remove the stressor such as organizing your time, doing the work and not procrastinating.

Answer 12

Problem

Question 13

Necessary for managing stress is having ___, an adult with high self-efficacy believes they have the skills to meet the problem and having a sense of personal control leads them to try to solve it.

Answer 13

Hardiness

Question 14

An adult with high ____ is not only more sensitive to stress but they get __ when stressed which further increases their release of hormones, blood pressure and stress on the heart.

Answer 14

Reactivity, Angry

Question 15

Because irritation and anger make stress worse __-focused coping, changing one’s feelings to a more positive view, is recommended.

Answer 15

Emotion

Question 16

Baltes’ selective __ theory proposes that adults compensate for normal losses by having chosen occupations and interests that reflect their intellectual strengths.

Answer 16

Optimization

Question 17

Cattell’s theory proposes that __, intelligence, our speed at making connections and drawing inferences, declines with age and this makes complex problem solving more difficult for adults.

Answer 17

Fluid

Question 18

But according to Cattell, this can be balanced by increases that occur in __ intelligence, that adults have more accumulated knowledge which then makes it easier to learn more.

Answer 18

Crystalized

Question 19

__ memory is less effective in adulthood, adults decline in ability to monitor two sets of stimuli effectively, such as not being able to follow two separate conversations at the same time at a party.

Answer 19

Working

Question 20

Part of the difficulty for adults is a decline in __ attention, being less able to ignore distractions means more irrelevant information enters an adult’s short term memory.

Answer 20

Selective