Psychology Chapter 11

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Question 3

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 3

desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.

Question 4

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 4

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.

Question 5

Drive-Reduction theory

Answer 5

the idea that physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Question 7

Incentive

Answer 7

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 8

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 8

maslows pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues, when its level is low, we feel hunger.

Question 10

Set point

Answer 10

the point at which an individuals “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Question 11

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 11

the bodes resting rate of energy expenditure.

Question 12

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 12

an eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight. yet still feels fat, continues starving.

Question 13

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 13

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeaten, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting , or excessive exercise.

Question 14

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 14

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 15

Refractory period

Answer 15

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man can not achieve another orgasm.

Question 16

Sexual Disorder

Answer 16

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Question 17

Estrogen

Answer 17

sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics, In non-human female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity .

Question 18

Testosterone

Answer 18

the most importatnt of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it , but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of male sex characteristic during puberty.

Question 19

Sexual Orientation

Answer 19

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).

Question 20

Flow

Answer 20

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skills.

Question 21

Industrial Organization (I/O) psychology

Answer 21

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 22

Structured interviews

Answer 22

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.

Question 23

Achievement Motivation

Answer 23

a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.

Question 24

Task Leadership

Answer 24

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.

Question 25

Social Leadership

Answer 25

Group-oriented leadership builds teamwork, medicates conflict and offers support.

Question 26

Theory x

Answer 26

In this theory, which has been proven counter effective in most modern practice, management assumes employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if they can and that they inherently dislike work

Question 27

Theory y

Answer 27

In this theory, management assumes employees may be ambitious and self-motivated and exercise self-control. It is believed that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties. According to them work is as natural as play. They possess the ability for creative problem solving, but their talents are underused in most organizations.