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Psychology-Intro > psychology ch. 1 > Flashcards

psychology ch. 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

millgram

A

did the shock experiment where he made people “shock” other patients.

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1
Q

psychology

A

the study of behavioral and mental processes

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2
Q

Phillip Zimbardo

A

known for the stanford prison experiment.

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3
Q

when was the first laboratory opened in the field of psychology?

A

1879

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4
Q

wilhelm wundt

A

opened the first laboratory for psychology in 1879 in heipzig, germany

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5
Q

Structuralism

A

we are who we are based on our structure of our brain.

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6
Q

william james

A

proposed functionalism, the idea that the function of our brains is more important than the structure of the brain.

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7
Q

functionalism

A

the idea that the function of the brain is more important to study

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8
Q

john locke

A

said that we are who we are due to associationalism

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9
Q

associationalism

A

with time and space, our personalities are filled out. we start life as a tabula rasa

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10
Q

tabula rasa

A

means blank slate

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11
Q

the great debates

A

good vs. bad
master vs. victim
andsum vs. transsum
nature vs. nurture

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12
Q

good vs. evil

A

idea that people are either all good or all bad

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13
Q

master vs. victim

A

the idea that people are either in control of their lives, or they are victims of life.

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14
Q

andsum vs. transsum

A

the idea that to fix someones problems, you either need to know all of them (andsum) or you only need to know part of them (transsum)

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15
Q

nature vs. nurture

A

the debate that is concerned with peoples personalities, and if they are set by nature, or are they changeable (nurture)

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16
Q

the 4 points of research

A

describe
explain
predict
control

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17
Q

the 5 points of scholarly research

A
  1. Must use scientific methods, Hypothesis (what do you predict), prediction, study, test, analyze, and finally theory (answer to your question)
  2. systematic attempts
  3. procedural safeguards to prevent bias (objective vs. subjective)
  4. keep complete records of the originial study. (so another person can compare results)
  5. Replication needs to be viable
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18
Q

correlational research

A

deals with the association of one thing with another

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19
Q

experimental research

A

deals with cause and effect

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20
Q

dependent variable

A

a variable that is dependent on the independent variable (the effect)

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21
Q

independent variable

A

changeable variable that affects the dependent variable

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22
Q

descriptive statistics

A

mean, median, mode

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23
Q

inferential statistics

A

predicts a certain outcome to happen.

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24
Q

cross-sectional research

A

deals with various people of various ages, and is done for a short period of time

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25
Q

longitudinal study

A

done with a few people of the same age, and over a long period of time

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26
Q

sequential study

A

done with various ages of people overr a long period of time.

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27
Q

Ethics in psychology

A

producing objective information with as little bias as possible

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28
Q

developmental psychology

A

studies the processes and the stages of growth; including later life.

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29
Q

normative reseearch

A

researching the norms by observing daily behavior

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30
Q

chronological age

A

adding 1 to the normal age

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31
Q

developmental age

A

skill age i.e. reading level

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32
Q

stage

A

a period of time unlike anything before it or after it.

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33
Q

critical period

A

a time where something needs to be learned by or it wont be able to learn it.

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34
Q

piaget

A

came up with 4 stages of child development using his kids

35
Q

0-2 sensorimotor

A

learning object permanence

36
Q

2-4 preoperational

A

learning that things may not be what they appear to be

37
Q

4-11 concrete operational

A

learning how rules function

38
Q

11+ formal concrete operational

A

abstract thought

39
Q

habituation

A

when something has been seen multiple times so it doesnt provide a stimulus i.e. spelling your name wrong.

40
Q

erikson

A

known for his attachment theory. babies need attachment to survive and that there should be 2 parenting styles

41
Q

attachment theory

A

children need attention and to be held in order to develop properly.

42
Q

parenting styles

A

2 stages, permissive (0-12), and authoritative (12+)

43
Q

age gender roles are learned

A

2.5 children know their gender, 5 understanding the limitations and benefits of the gender

44
Q

freud

A

developed the 5 sexual stages

45
Q

0-2 oral

A

learning trust. if trust isn’t learned, there is an oral fixation.

46
Q

2-4 anal

A

time of developing independence (autonomy) if there is a problem with this, they become anal retentive (stubborn)

47
Q

6-11 latency

A

developing social skills

48
Q

4-6 phallic

A

boys have an oedipal complex, and girls have an electra complex

49
Q

12+ genital

A

when the sexual organs develop

50
Q

kohlberg

A

studied only males

51
Q

teenagers have 3 main concerns

A
  1. social roles - independence
  2. career
  3. sex
52
Q

middle adulthood has 2 concerns for males, and one for females

A
  1. wealth
  2. attractiveness of the partner
  3. menopause
53
Q

later years 3 problems

A
  1. depression
  2. isolation
  3. health problems
54
Q

physiological psychology

A

the physical and chemical factors involved in behavioral and mental processes

55
Q

anima

A

means life force

56
Q

aristotle

A

held the belief that the life force is contained in the heart

57
Q

descartes

A

discovered the concept of the soul; also the body and the mind are 2 different things (dualism)

58
Q

dualism

A

the mind and the body are 2 separate entities

59
Q

monism

A

the mind and the body are one and the same

60
Q

3 rules for physiological psychology

A
  1. the brain is the control center
  2. messages are sent from the nerves to the muscle
  3. these functions are orderly
61
Q

hermann von hemholtz

A

wanted to know if thinking and behavior are the same thing.

62
Q

ramon cajal

A

said that different cells must do different things in the brain

63
Q

neurons

A

cells that receive and send electrical signals to and from the control center.

64
Q

dendrites

A

the parts of the neuron that receive stimuli

65
Q

axons

A

the parts of the neuron that receive stimuli

66
Q

cellbody/soma

A

translates the message so the axon can send it to another part of the body

67
Q

myelin sheath

A

serves as a fatty protection for the axon. also moves the signal faster or slower

68
Q

terminal button

A

the end of the neuron that releases a chemical signal to the rest of the body i.e. dopamine

69
Q

synapse

A

the space between neurons

70
Q

neurotransmitters

A

the chemicals in the body that tell the body to do something

71
Q

2 systems for the regulation of chemicals

A

nervous systems and the endocrine system

72
Q

nervous system (2 parts)

A

consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

73
Q

peripheral nervous system (2 parts)

A

consists of the sensory and motor neurons

74
Q

afferent neurons

A

sensory neurons

75
Q

efferent neurons

A

motor neurons

76
Q

somatic nervous system

A

the voluntary nervous system i.e. skeletal muscle

77
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

consists of the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system

78
Q

sympathetic system

A

responds when there is imminent danger to the body

79
Q

parasympathetic system

A

normal body functions i.e. heart rate, temperature

80
Q

endocrine system

A

sends long lasting signals to the body

81
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers only dealing with 3 issues, infection, reproduction, and growth

82
Q

homeostasis

A

the body’s self regulation

83
Q

lesioning in the brain

A

the use of severing some function in order to determine what works, and it is also used to inhibit certain behaviors

84
Q

stimulation

A

stimulating part of the brain to determine what works and what doesn’t (electro convulsive therapy)

85
Q

sklf

A

fivefweeeeee

Psychology-Intro (1 decks)

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