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Psychology-Intro > psychology ch. 1 > Flashcards

psychology ch. 1 Flashcards

0
Q

millgram

A

did the shock experiment where he made people “shock” other patients.

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1
Q

psychology

A

the study of behavioral and mental processes

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2
Q

Phillip Zimbardo

A

known for the stanford prison experiment.

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3
Q

when was the first laboratory opened in the field of psychology?

A

1879

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4
Q

wilhelm wundt

A

opened the first laboratory for psychology in 1879 in heipzig, germany

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5
Q

Structuralism

A

we are who we are based on our structure of our brain.

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6
Q

william james

A

proposed functionalism, the idea that the function of our brains is more important than the structure of the brain.

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7
Q

functionalism

A

the idea that the function of the brain is more important to study

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8
Q

john locke

A

said that we are who we are due to associationalism

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9
Q

associationalism

A

with time and space, our personalities are filled out. we start life as a tabula rasa

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10
Q

tabula rasa

A

means blank slate

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11
Q

the great debates

A

good vs. bad
master vs. victim
andsum vs. transsum
nature vs. nurture

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12
Q

good vs. evil

A

idea that people are either all good or all bad

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13
Q

master vs. victim

A

the idea that people are either in control of their lives, or they are victims of life.

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14
Q

andsum vs. transsum

A

the idea that to fix someones problems, you either need to know all of them (andsum) or you only need to know part of them (transsum)

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15
Q

nature vs. nurture

A

the debate that is concerned with peoples personalities, and if they are set by nature, or are they changeable (nurture)

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16
Q

the 4 points of research

A

describe
explain
predict
control

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17
Q

the 5 points of scholarly research

A
  1. Must use scientific methods, Hypothesis (what do you predict), prediction, study, test, analyze, and finally theory (answer to your question)
  2. systematic attempts
  3. procedural safeguards to prevent bias (objective vs. subjective)
  4. keep complete records of the originial study. (so another person can compare results)
  5. Replication needs to be viable
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18
Q

correlational research

A

deals with the association of one thing with another

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19
Q

experimental research

A

deals with cause and effect

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20
Q

dependent variable

A

a variable that is dependent on the independent variable (the effect)

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21
Q

independent variable

A

changeable variable that affects the dependent variable

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22
Q

descriptive statistics

A

mean, median, mode

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23
Q

inferential statistics

A

predicts a certain outcome to happen.

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24
cross-sectional research
deals with various people of various ages, and is done for a short period of time
25
longitudinal study
done with a few people of the same age, and over a long period of time
26
sequential study
done with various ages of people overr a long period of time.
27
Ethics in psychology
producing objective information with as little bias as possible
28
developmental psychology
studies the processes and the stages of growth; including later life.
29
normative reseearch
researching the norms by observing daily behavior
30
chronological age
adding 1 to the normal age
31
developmental age
skill age i.e. reading level
32
stage
a period of time unlike anything before it or after it.
33
critical period
a time where something needs to be learned by or it wont be able to learn it.
34
piaget
came up with 4 stages of child development using his kids
35
0-2 sensorimotor
learning object permanence
36
2-4 preoperational
learning that things may not be what they appear to be
37
4-11 concrete operational
learning how rules function
38
11+ formal concrete operational
abstract thought
39
habituation
when something has been seen multiple times so it doesnt provide a stimulus i.e. spelling your name wrong.
40
erikson
known for his attachment theory. babies need attachment to survive and that there should be 2 parenting styles
41
attachment theory
children need attention and to be held in order to develop properly.
42
parenting styles
2 stages, permissive (0-12), and authoritative (12+)
43
age gender roles are learned
2.5 children know their gender, 5 understanding the limitations and benefits of the gender
44
freud
developed the 5 sexual stages
45
0-2 oral
learning trust. if trust isn't learned, there is an oral fixation.
46
2-4 anal
time of developing independence (autonomy) if there is a problem with this, they become anal retentive (stubborn)
47
6-11 latency
developing social skills
48
4-6 phallic
boys have an oedipal complex, and girls have an electra complex
49
12+ genital
when the sexual organs develop
50
kohlberg
studied only males
51
teenagers have 3 main concerns
1. social roles - independence 2. career 3. sex
52
middle adulthood has 2 concerns for males, and one for females
1. wealth 2. attractiveness of the partner 3. menopause
53
later years 3 problems
1. depression 2. isolation 3. health problems
54
physiological psychology
the physical and chemical factors involved in behavioral and mental processes
55
anima
means life force
56
aristotle
held the belief that the life force is contained in the heart
57
descartes
discovered the concept of the soul; also the body and the mind are 2 different things (dualism)
58
dualism
the mind and the body are 2 separate entities
59
monism
the mind and the body are one and the same
60
3 rules for physiological psychology
1. the brain is the control center 2. messages are sent from the nerves to the muscle 3. these functions are orderly
61
hermann von hemholtz
wanted to know if thinking and behavior are the same thing.
62
ramon cajal
said that different cells must do different things in the brain
63
neurons
cells that receive and send electrical signals to and from the control center.
64
dendrites
the parts of the neuron that receive stimuli
65
axons
the parts of the neuron that receive stimuli
66
cellbody/soma
translates the message so the axon can send it to another part of the body
67
myelin sheath
serves as a fatty protection for the axon. also moves the signal faster or slower
68
terminal button
the end of the neuron that releases a chemical signal to the rest of the body i.e. dopamine
69
synapse
the space between neurons
70
neurotransmitters
the chemicals in the body that tell the body to do something
71
2 systems for the regulation of chemicals
nervous systems and the endocrine system
72
nervous system (2 parts)
consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
73
peripheral nervous system (2 parts)
consists of the sensory and motor neurons
74
afferent neurons
sensory neurons
75
efferent neurons
motor neurons
76
somatic nervous system
the voluntary nervous system i.e. skeletal muscle
77
autonomic nervous system
consists of the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system
78
sympathetic system
responds when there is imminent danger to the body
79
parasympathetic system
normal body functions i.e. heart rate, temperature
80
endocrine system
sends long lasting signals to the body
81
hormones
chemical messengers only dealing with 3 issues, infection, reproduction, and growth
82
homeostasis
the body's self regulation
83
lesioning in the brain
the use of severing some function in order to determine what works, and it is also used to inhibit certain behaviors
84
stimulation
stimulating part of the brain to determine what works and what doesn't (electro convulsive therapy)
85
sklf
fivefweeeeee

Psychology-Intro (1 decks)

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