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22SP Psyc 102: Introduction To Psychology > Psychology-A Concise Introduction Sixth Edition: Chapter 2 Neuroscience > Flashcards

Psychology-A Concise Introduction Sixth Edition: Chapter 2 Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

What Is Our Brain Responsible For?

A

Perception, Consciousness, Memory, Language, Intelligence, & Personality (Everything that makes us human)

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2
Q

About how much does the brain weigh?

A

3 pounds

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3
Q

The brain consists of an estimated, how many Neurons?

A

100 billion

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4
Q

What are nerve cells called?

A

Neurons

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5
Q

What is a genome?

A

THe entire sequence of nucleotides in your DNA

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6
Q

The totality of connections between neurons in your nervous system is called :

A

Connectome

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7
Q

A genome is _________ at conception. Your connectome ________ thorughout your life.

A

fixed, changes

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8
Q

The human brain is the most _________ device in the known universe. Therefore it’s ________ may never be completely understood.

A

Complex, Complexity

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9
Q

The scientific study of the brain and nervous system.

A

Neuroscience

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10
Q

Cellular building blocks of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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11
Q

The seat of higher mental functioning in humans

A

The cerebral Cortex

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12
Q

A natural break from consciousness

A

sleep

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13
Q

Humans are _______ ________.

A

Biological Organisms

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14
Q

How we feel, perceive, learn, remember and think all stem from _________ ________.

A

Neural Activity

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15
Q

Crucial pieces of the puzzle of human behavior and mental processes.

A

How neurons communicate and how they work

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16
Q

2 types of cells that the brain and nervous system are composed of.

A

Neurons & Glial cells

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17
Q

Responsible for information transmission throughout the nervous system.

A

Neurons

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18
Q

Neurons ________, _______ & _________ information within the brain and the rest of the nervous sustem.

A

Recieve, Send & Integrate

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19
Q

Glia is “greek” for what

A

glue

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20
Q

They constitute the support system for the neurons

A

Glial cells

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21
Q

Glial Cells take away waste products, keep the chemical environment stable and insulate ________. Allowing them to do their work more efficiently.

A

Neurons

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22
Q

What is the overall ratio of neurons to glial cells in the brain? This ratio ________ across different parts of the brain.

A

1:1 , differs

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23
Q

Glail cells communicate with Neurons but also communicate with each other in a ________ yet_____ network to the neural network

A

seperate, parallel

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24
Q

Cells that transmit information within the nervous system

A

Neurons

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25
Q

Cells in the nervous system that omprise the suppport system for the neurons.

A

Glial cells (glia)

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26
Q

Appear to influence the formation of neural connections to aid in determining which neural onnections get stronger or weaker over time.

A

Glail Cells

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27
Q

Glail cells may p9lay ian important role in mental disorders such as __________ and ___________, and in ______________ _______ such as ____________ and ___________.

A

Schizophrenia, Depression, Neurodegeneratiive disease, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s

28
Q

Neurons are srill viewed as the::

A

most important cells for communication within the human nervous system.

29
Q

They all have the same basic parts and sturcture and they all operate the same way.

A

Neurons

30
Q

3 main components of a neuron

A

dendrites, cell body & Axon

31
Q

The fibers that project our of the cell body like the branches of a tree.

A

Dendrites

32
Q

What is the main function of a dendrite?

A

To receive information from other neurons, passing it on to the cell body.

33
Q

It contains the nucleus of the cell and the other biological machinery that keeps the cell alive.

A

Cell body

34
Q

It decides if it should pass information on to other neurons from the dendrite by way o an Axon

A

Cell Body

35
Q

The long, singular fiber leaving the cell body

A

Axon

36
Q

What is the main function of an axon?

A

to conduct information from the cell body to the axon terminals in order to trigger the transmission of information with other neurons.

37
Q

The longest _______s going from spinal cord to the toes.

A

axon

38
Q

The process of how neurons commmunicate with one another ((and sometimes muscles and glands)) is partly _______ and partly _______.

A

electrical, chemical

39
Q

within a neuron it’s __________ , and an acrtual elecrrical impulse is generated and travels down the axon.

A

elecrrical

40
Q

Comunication between neurons is _________

A

Chemical

41
Q

These don’t actually touch each other when they are relaying messages amongst each other. They are separated by a microscopic gap that chemical molecules travel across to carry their message.

A

Neurons

42
Q

When does the electrical part of the neuronal commmunication story begin?

A

with the messages received by the dendrites from other neurons.

43
Q

When dendrites receive messages from neurons the inputs are either __________ or __________

A

Excitatory or Inhibitory

44
Q

telling the neuron to generate an electrical impulse

A

Excitatory impulse

45
Q

telling the neuron not to generate an electrical impulse

A

Inhibitory Impulse

46
Q

When will the cell body produce it’s impulse

A

by continually calculating the impulses it decides when one of the impulses suffienciently outweighs the other

47
Q

When does the cell body generate the impulse?

A

If the excitatory input outweighs the inhibitory input by a sufficient amount.

48
Q

What is an all-or-nothing event?

A

It either happens or it doesnt

49
Q

The impulse travels from where to where and down what to get there?

A

From the cell body., down the axon, to the axon terminals.

50
Q

Does the impulse have different speeds of traveling depending on the intensity of the stimulus input?

A

no, always tavels at the same speed.

51
Q

The ________ of the ________ determines how many _________ generate _________ and he number of ______ that are generated each ))))) by the ________.

A

The INTENSITY of the STIMULI determines how many Neurons generate IMULSES and the number of IMPULSES that are generated each SECOND by the NEURONS.

52
Q

Stronger Stimuli (a slap rather than a pat) lead to more ______ generating _____ and generating those _____more often.

A

Neurons, Impulses Impulses

53
Q

The impulses in different neurons travel down the axon at carrying rates up to around how many piles per hour?

A

200

54
Q

An insulating layer covering an axon that allows for faster neural impulses

A

Myelin sheath

55
Q

The major factor that determines the impulse speed for a particular neron is whether :

A

its axon is encased in a myelin sheath as insulating layer of a white fatty substance.

56
Q

Coomposed of glial cells that wrap around the neuron’s axon.

A
57
Q

without a myelin sheath isn’t present?

A

The impulses travel slowly down the axon in a continuous fashion. Like burning down a stick of dynamite.

58
Q

When Myelin is present and the impulses move faster, how come?

A

They regenerate in the periodic gaps between Sheath where there is no Myelin

59
Q

Damage to this will cause serious problems

A

The Myelin sheath

60
Q

Multiple Sclerosis causes deterioration of the myelin sheath that encases neuronal axons. This means that impulses can no longer lep down the ____, or eventually even travel down it. ____

A

axon.. causing information transmission to be slowed.

61
Q

an unspecialized cell in the body that can develop into a specialized cell

A

Stem cell

62
Q

IT is responsible for th3 distinction between white matter and gray matter in the brain

A

Myelin

63
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons

64
Q

Gray Matter

A

Unmyelinated axons, ell bodies and dendrites

65
Q

a naturally occurring chemical in our nervous system that speci=iakizes in transmitting information

A

neurotransmitter

22SP Psyc 102: Introduction To Psychology (1 decks)

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