Psychology 9

Question 1

What are the stages of prenatal development?

Answer 1

Germinal stage- conception to two weeks
Embryonic- two to eight weeks
fetal stage- eight weeks to birth

Question 2

what is the germinal stage

Answer 2

Germinal stage- conception to two weeks
egg becomes zygote (fertilized)

Question 3

what is the embryonic stage?

Answer 3

Embryonic- two to eight weeks
zygote attaches to uterine wall becomes an embryo
organs starts to function heart pumps blood sexual differentiation

Question 4

what is the fetal stage

Answer 4

fetal stage- eight weeks to birth
fetus- by 7th month has chance of survival if premature, growth of organs bones harden

Question 5

what is an ovum

Answer 5

ovary matures and releases an egg

Question 6

what is a zygote

Answer 6

if egg is fertilized by sperm while in fallopian tube it results in a zygote- fertilized egg

Question 7

what assistive infertility technologies are there

Answer 7

IVF- vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Question 8

what is a teratogen

Answer 8

toxic substances that can harm the embryo or fetus during prenatal development

Question 9

what are examples of teratogens

Answer 9

alcohol, malnutrition, x-rays, painkillers, paint fumes, sertain antibiotics

Question 10

what is grasping reflex

Answer 10

in infants an automatic tendency to grasp an object that stimulates the palm

Question 11

what is rooting reflex

Answer 11

in response to contact on cheek tendency for infant to turn its heads toward stimulus and open its mouth

Question 12

attachment

Answer 12

a deep and emotional bodn that an infant develops with primary care giver

Question 13

Harlow’s experiment

Answer 13

Rhesus monkey studies
are infants drawn to their mothers because they provide food and nourishment or is it because of their comfort
two inanimate mothers one covered with cloth one with food monkeys liked the cloth one
without real mother they were socially awkward, sexually immature

Question 14

secure attatchment

Answer 14

parent-infant relationship where baby is secure when the parent is present distressed by separated and delighted by reunion

Question 15

insecure attachment

Answer 15

parent infant relationship where baby clings to parent cries at separation, reacts with anger or apathy to reunion, can be anxious or avoidant

Question 16

what happens in the strange situation test

Answer 16

insecure attachment and secure attachment kids

Question 17

Piaget’s theory

Answer 17

children are curious active and constructive thinkers who want to understand the world around them

Question 18

schemas

Answer 18

piaget’s theory mental representations of the world that guide the processes of assimilation and accommodation
schema for dog

Question 19

assimilation

Answer 19

piaget’s theory the process of incorporating and if necessary changing new information to fit existing cognitive structures

using or changing what you are seeing to fit into what you already know

schema for dog is that all dogs have four legs and fur when they see a new dog it fits into their existing schema

Question 20

accommodation

Answer 20

piaget’s theory the process of modifying existing cognitive structures in response to new information
changing what you already know to fit new found info
when they see a cat that fits the dog schema they must change the original schema

Question 21

sensorimotor stage

Answer 21

piaget theory first stage of cognitive development from birth to 2 infant come to know the world through their own actions
object permanence= awareness that objects still exist when not in view 6-8 months
separation anxiety- infants with no object permanence fear when care giver is absent

Question 22

pre-operational stage

Answer 22

piaget second stage of cognitive development 2-6 year olds become capable of reasoning in an intuitive prelogical manner= increased verbal skills and abstract thinking
egocentric- self centered
conservation- physical properties of an object remain the same despite superficial changes in appearance
water moved to a different glass is not more water

Question 23

Concrete operational stage

Answer 23

piaget theory third stage of cognitive development when children become capable of logical reasoning

Question 24

Formal operational stage

Answer 24

piaget fourth stage of cognitive development when adolescents become capable of logic and abstract thought

ability to formulate solutions in advance and to reason on a logical level