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Year 2 Psychology > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

4 steps to successful modelling

A
  1. Pay attention
  2. Remember what was done
  3. Reproduce modeled behaviour
  4. If successful behaviour rewarded, more likely to occur
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2
Q
  1. Pavlov’s Dogs
  2. Watson and Raynor Little Albert
  3. Bandura Bobo Doll
A
  1. Classical Conditioning
  2. Classical Conditioning
  3. Observational learning
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3
Q

Health Belief’s Model

A 
Background variables
Perceived Threat
Perceived seriousness/ susceptibility
Cues to action
Perceived benefit vs barriers/ cost

Likelihood of behavioural change

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4
Q

Transtheoretical Model (6)

A

P.C. DAMR

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Determination
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
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5
Q

3 Influencing factors of conformity

A

Group Size
Presence of a dissenter
Culture

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6
Q

4 factors for obedience

A

Remoteness of victim
Legitimacy and closeness of authority
Diffusion of responsibility
Not personal characteristics?

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7
Q

Define social loafing

A

tendency to expend less individual effort then working in a group

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8
Q

4 Factors influencing social loafing

2 Factors reducing social loafing

A

Individual performance not monitored
Group/ task has less value to the individual
Person displays low motivation for success
Others work hard

Individual perfomance monitored
Members highly value group/ task

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9
Q

Asch Conformity
Milgram obedience
Darley and Latane Bystander effect

A
  • Compare length of lines, choose longest. Study in conformity
  • Give electric shock- study in obedience.
  • Radio discussion, seizure. Less than 4 people, 30% helped. when >4 people, no one helped
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10
Q

Availability vs Representativeness heuristics

A

Availability: probability estimated on how easily or vividly they are called to mind.

Representativeness: subjective probability that a stimulus belongs to a particular class based on how typical of class it is

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11
Q

Big 5 factors for individual differences

A

OCEAN
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.

Conscientiousness, adds 7.5 years to lifespan.More medical engagement and adherence.

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12
Q

IQ definition and limitations

A

Intelligence quotient (mental age/ chronological age x 100) Average is 100.

Averages all domains, does not consider them separately.

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13
Q

Baron Cohen’s systemising/ empathising theory

A 
E type
S type
B type- balanced
extreme E type
Extreme S type
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14
Q

Kubler-Ross’ 5 stage theory of adjustment

A

DABDA

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
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15
Q

Leventhal 5 illness representations

A

ICCTC

Identity
Cause
Consequences
Timeline
Curability/ controllability
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16
Q

Health behaviour definition

A

Any activity undertaken by an individual believing himself to be healthy, for purpose of preventing disease or detecting it at symptomatic stage.

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17
Q

Behaviour Change wheel

A 
COMB
Capability
Opportunity
Motivation
Behaviour change
18
Q

5 Techniques of behaviour change

A 
Information
Model
Set target
barrier identification
Plan social support
19
Q

Implementation intentions

A

aka Action plans
Request individual to think about critical situations to act and appropriate responses within those situations

IF- THEN

20
Q

Define adherence

2 Consequences of non-adherence

A

Attachment or commitment to a person, cause or belief.

Poor health outcomes, increased healthcare costs

21
Q

Ways of improving adherence

A 
Ask
Simplify regime,
Improve reltationship
identify and modify BELIEFS
Involve significant other
22
Q

2 Types of long term memory

A

Declarative
Episodic, semantic

Non-declarative: implicit/ unconscious

23
Q

2 strategies for enhancing memory

A

Mnemonics

Assimilation

24
Q

4 stages of memory

A

Registration
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

25
Where is Broca's Area | Where is Wernicke's area
Left Frontal lobe | Left posterior temporo-parietal area
26
Dysexecutive syndrome definition Common characteristic domains
disruption of executive function (planning, focus, juggle tasks). - Emotional- lacking empathy - Cognitive- poor planning/ organisation, can't switch between tasks. - Behavioural- socially inappropriate
27
Temperament defintion
Innate aspects of individual's personality, e.g. introversion/ extroversion
28
Reciprocal socialisation
Socialisation is bidirectional, | Children socialise parents just as parents socialise children.
29
Types of attachment (in children) and their two primary features
Secure attachments: free exploration, happiness on mother's return Insecure attachments: little exploration, little emotional response to mother's response
30
Ainsworth Strange Situation test (assessment of attachment)
Looks at child's exploration and response to mother's return
31
4 stages in Piaget's cognitive development
Sensorimotor- 2 years Pre-operational 7 years Concrete operational 11 years Formal operational >11 years.
32
Transactional definition of stress and application
Discrepancy between demands of situation and coping resources available Patient's in hospital
33
Procedural and Sensory information, dual hypothesis
Procedural- information about procedures to be taken Sensory- information about sensations that may be experienced. Dual process hypothesis: - Procedural- patient matches ongoing events with expectations. non-emotional -Sensory- patient maps non-threatening interpretation onto expectations.
34
Strategies for helping children cope with treatment
TSD | Tell, show, do
35
Selye's general adaptation syndrome (3 stages)
1. Alarm reaction- sympathetic dominance 2. Resistance- ACTH, cortisol 3. Exhaustion
36
Psycho- physiological and behavioural pathways linking stress and disease
Events- stress- physiological changes - Disease | - Behavioural changes- disease
37
Type A behaviour
CHAA | Competitiveness, hostility, agressivness, ambition.
38
Nocebo effect
People develop symptoms that fit beliefs, although they have not been exposed to active treatment
39
Exposure therapy
Treat phobias through exposure to feared CS, response prevention used to keep operant avoidant response from occurring. Highly effective Controversial Basis in classical and operant conditioning.
40
Cognitive therapy
``` Problematic beliefs Goal oriented Collaborative Brief Scientific ``` Key components: thoughts, emotions, behaviour
41
4 examples of psychological interventions
CBT, CAT, Hum, Fam Cognitive behavioural therapy Cognitive Analytical therapy Humanistic therapy family and couple therapy.
42
Cognitive therapy 4 benefits/ factors
``` Problematic beliefs Goal oriented Collaborative Brief Scientific ``` Key components: thoughts, emotions, behaviour

Year 2 Psychology (1 decks)

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