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Year 2 Psychology > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

4 steps to successful modelling

A
  1. Pay attention
  2. Remember what was done
  3. Reproduce modeled behaviour
  4. If successful behaviour rewarded, more likely to occur
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2
Q
  1. Pavlov’s Dogs
  2. Watson and Raynor Little Albert
  3. Bandura Bobo Doll
A
  1. Classical Conditioning
  2. Classical Conditioning
  3. Observational learning
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3
Q

Health Belief’s Model

A 
Background variables
Perceived Threat
Perceived seriousness/ susceptibility
Cues to action
Perceived benefit vs barriers/ cost

Likelihood of behavioural change

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4
Q

Transtheoretical Model (6)

A

P.C. DAMR

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Determination
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
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5
Q

3 Influencing factors of conformity

A

Group Size
Presence of a dissenter
Culture

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6
Q

4 factors for obedience

A

Remoteness of victim
Legitimacy and closeness of authority
Diffusion of responsibility
Not personal characteristics?

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7
Q

Define social loafing

A

tendency to expend less individual effort then working in a group

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8
Q

4 Factors influencing social loafing

2 Factors reducing social loafing

A

Individual performance not monitored
Group/ task has less value to the individual
Person displays low motivation for success
Others work hard

Individual perfomance monitored
Members highly value group/ task

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9
Q

Asch Conformity
Milgram obedience
Darley and Latane Bystander effect

A
  • Compare length of lines, choose longest. Study in conformity
  • Give electric shock- study in obedience.
  • Radio discussion, seizure. Less than 4 people, 30% helped. when >4 people, no one helped
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10
Q

Availability vs Representativeness heuristics

A

Availability: probability estimated on how easily or vividly they are called to mind.

Representativeness: subjective probability that a stimulus belongs to a particular class based on how typical of class it is

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11
Q

Big 5 factors for individual differences

A

OCEAN
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.

Conscientiousness, adds 7.5 years to lifespan.More medical engagement and adherence.

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12
Q

IQ definition and limitations

A

Intelligence quotient (mental age/ chronological age x 100) Average is 100.

Averages all domains, does not consider them separately.

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13
Q

Baron Cohen’s systemising/ empathising theory

A 
E type
S type
B type- balanced
extreme E type
Extreme S type
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14
Q

Kubler-Ross’ 5 stage theory of adjustment

A

DABDA

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
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15
Q

Leventhal 5 illness representations

A

ICCTC

Identity
Cause
Consequences
Timeline
Curability/ controllability
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16
Q

Health behaviour definition

A

Any activity undertaken by an individual believing himself to be healthy, for purpose of preventing disease or detecting it at symptomatic stage.

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17
Q

Behaviour Change wheel

A 
COMB
Capability
Opportunity
Motivation
Behaviour change
18
Q

5 Techniques of behaviour change

A 
Information
Model
Set target
barrier identification
Plan social support
19
Q

Implementation intentions

A

aka Action plans
Request individual to think about critical situations to act and appropriate responses within those situations

IF- THEN

20
Q

Define adherence

2 Consequences of non-adherence

A

Attachment or commitment to a person, cause or belief.

Poor health outcomes, increased healthcare costs

21
Q

Ways of improving adherence

A 
Ask
Simplify regime,
Improve reltationship
identify and modify BELIEFS
Involve significant other
22
Q

2 Types of long term memory

A

Declarative
Episodic, semantic

Non-declarative: implicit/ unconscious

23
Q

2 strategies for enhancing memory

A

Mnemonics

Assimilation

24
Q

4 stages of memory

A

Registration
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

25
Q

Where is Broca’s Area

Where is Wernicke’s area

A

Left Frontal lobe

Left posterior temporo-parietal area

26
Q

Dysexecutive syndrome definition

Common characteristic domains

A

disruption of executive function (planning, focus, juggle tasks).

  • Emotional- lacking empathy
  • Cognitive- poor planning/ organisation, can’t switch between tasks.
  • Behavioural- socially inappropriate
27
Q

Temperament defintion

A

Innate aspects of individual’s personality, e.g. introversion/ extroversion

28
Q

Reciprocal socialisation

A

Socialisation is bidirectional,

Children socialise parents just as parents socialise children.

29
Q

Types of attachment (in children) and their two primary features

A

Secure attachments: free exploration, happiness on mother’s return
Insecure attachments: little exploration, little emotional response to mother’s response

30
Q

Ainsworth Strange Situation test (assessment of attachment)

A

Looks at child’s exploration and response to mother’s return

31
Q

4 stages in Piaget’s cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor- 2 years
Pre-operational 7 years
Concrete operational 11 years
Formal operational >11 years.

32
Q

Transactional definition of stress and application

A

Discrepancy between demands of situation and coping resources available

Patient’s in hospital

33
Q

Procedural and Sensory information, dual hypothesis

A

Procedural- information about procedures to be taken
Sensory- information about sensations that may be experienced.
Dual process hypothesis:
- Procedural- patient matches ongoing events with expectations. non-emotional
-Sensory- patient maps non-threatening interpretation onto expectations.

34
Q

Strategies for helping children cope with treatment

A

TSD

Tell, show, do

35
Q

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (3 stages)

A
  1. Alarm reaction- sympathetic dominance
  2. Resistance- ACTH, cortisol
  3. Exhaustion
36
Q

Psycho- physiological and behavioural pathways linking stress and disease

A

Events- stress- physiological changes - Disease

- Behavioural changes- disease

37
Q

Type A behaviour

A

CHAA

Competitiveness, hostility, agressivness, ambition.

38
Q

Nocebo effect

A

People develop symptoms that fit beliefs, although they have not been exposed to active treatment

39
Q

Exposure therapy

A

Treat phobias through exposure to feared CS, response prevention used to keep operant avoidant response from occurring.
Highly effective
Controversial
Basis in classical and operant conditioning.

40
Q

Cognitive therapy

A 
Problematic beliefs
Goal oriented
Collaborative
Brief
Scientific

Key components: thoughts, emotions, behaviour

41
Q

4 examples of psychological interventions

A

CBT, CAT, Hum, Fam

Cognitive behavioural therapy
Cognitive Analytical therapy
Humanistic therapy
family and couple therapy.

42
Q

Cognitive therapy 4 benefits/ factors

A 
Problematic beliefs
Goal oriented
Collaborative
Brief
Scientific

Key components: thoughts, emotions, behaviour

Year 2 Psychology (1 decks)

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