Psychology 7-8 Flashcards
What is hypothetico-deductive method?
If T1 and T2 then you can predict T1 & T2
Two ways to test a theory
By conducting tests of hypotheses logically derived from the theory (hypothetico-deductive method)
By conducting logical/philosophical tests of the theory itself (conceptual analysis)
Define metaphysics
The general conditions/ingredients/features of all (anything) that exists or occurs in this world.
Define ontology
What exists and what does not exist
Define epistemology
Knowledge; the nature of knowledge
Define positivism
A philosophical system recognising only that which can be scientifically verified or which is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and therefore rejecting metaphysics and theism.
Extreme form of empiricism.
What was a key feature of logical positivism?
A key feature of logical positivism was its central aim to rid philosophy and science of metaphysics.
Example of induction
P1: this swan is white
P2: this swan is white
P3: etc. etc. etc.
C: all swans are white
Example of induction
P1: this swan is white
P2: this swan is white
P3: etc. etc. etc.
C: all swans are white
What is the legacy of logical positivism in psychology?
Observation statements and data privileged over theory and philosophy.
Define operationalism
A form of positivism which defines scientific concepts in terms of the operations used to determine or prove them.
Operationalism is virtually no different to the verifiabililty principle.
What are operational definitions in psychology?
A methodological prescription for overcoming metaphysical influences in psychology.
Define logical positivism
Observation and logic.
Verifiability principle; a criterion of meaning. The meaning of a contingent statement is given by the observation statements needed to verify it conclusively.
