Psychology

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Pair unconditioned stimulus (e.g. food) with conditioned stimulus (bell) to get response (e.g salivation)

Eventually, conditioned stimulus itself will get a response (ringing the bell will cause salivation)

ASSOCIATION NOT REWARD; usually deals with INVOLUNTARY responses

Question 2

Operant conditioning: reinforcement vs. punishment

Answer 2

Reward or punishment; usually associated with VOLUNTARY responses

Reinforcement: target behavior followed by desired reward (positive reinforcement) or removal of aversive stimulus (negative reinforcement)

Punishment: Application of aversive stimulus (positive punishment) or removal of desired reward (negative punishment) to extinguish unwanted behavior

Question 3

Extinction

Answer 3

Discontinuation of reinforcement eliminates behavior (can happen with operant or classical)

Question 4

Transference

Answer 4

Psychiatrist is seen as parent (person projects feeling about an important person onto physician)

Question 5

Counter-transferance

Answer 5

Doctor sees patient as younger sibling

Question 6

Acting out

Answer 6

Tantrums

Expressing unacceptable feelings and thoughts through actions

Question 7

Denial

Answer 7

Avoiding the reality

Seen in AIDS and ca patients

Question 8

Displacement

Answer 8

Mom gets yelled at by husband so she yells at kid

Transferring avoided ideas and feelings to a neutral person or object

Question 9

Projection

Answer 9

Husband want to cheat on wife, so he accuses wife of cheating on him

Question 10

Dissociation

Answer 10

Temporary, drastic changes in personality, memory, or consciousness to avoid emotional stress

Can lead to multiple personality disorder

Question 11

Fixation

Answer 11

Adults fixating on video games (generally adults doing something more childish)

Question 12

Regression

Answer 12

Kid acts like a younger kid when sick, punished, or have a new sibling

Question 13

Idealization

Answer 13

Patient boasts about physician and his accomplishments ignoring flaws

Question 14

Identification (think of the 50 shades of gray dude)

Answer 14

Abused child later becomes the child abuser

Modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful (think 50 shades of gray dude)

Question 15

Intellectualization

Answer 15

Looks a diagnosis in an objective/ scientific way, as if it is happening to someone else

Patient focuses only on rates of survival after being diagnosed with ca

Question 16

Isolation (of affect)

Answer 16

Separation of felling from ideas/event

Describing graphic detail without emotional response

Question 17

Passive aggression

Answer 17

Failing to meet the needs/expectations of others as a show of opposition

Patient does not like job, so he comes in to work late every day

Question 18

Rationalization

Answer 18

Proclaiming logical reasons for actions performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self-blame

Question 19

Reaction formation

Answer 19

Guy who thinks about sex decides to go and join a monastery

Question 20

Splitting

Answer 20

People are either good or bad (seeing with borderline personality disorder)

Kind of like idealization, but people can be good or BAD

Question 21

Repression

Answer 21

Involuntarily withholding a idea or feeling from conscious awareness

Kid does not remember going to counseling after parents’ divorce

Question 22

Sublimation

Answer 22

Kid channels his anger/ frustration from father’s abuse toward football

Think… solid CHANNELS itself directly into gas

Question 23

Altruism

Answer 23

Replaces feelings of ill will/ negativity, with good deeds

Question 24

Suppression

Answer 24

Focus; packaging a concern in order to focus on what is currently at hand

Choosing not to worry about the big game until it is time to play

Question 25

Humor

Answer 25

Appreciate humor in an anxiety-provoking situation