Psychology Flashcards
Psychologist questions
What must people do to successfully change their behaviour?
What factors make behaviour modification programs successful?
Do most people need help changing behaviour or can they be self changing?
Is it difficult to change people’s attitudes and behaviours?
Cognitive consistency
Desire to avoid attitudes that conflict with each other. Leads to more satisfying lives. The desire to regain cognitive consistency forces us to change one of the two conflicting attitudes
Cognitive dissonance
What you do conflicts with what you think.
Only way to reduce dissonance is to change your behaviour to make it consistent with your attitudes or you can reinforce your attitudes.
Behaviour modification
Change requires movement through 6 stages
1) denial and refusal
2) contemplation
3) preparation
4) action
5) maintenance
6) termination
Negative reinforcement
Doing something society disapproves of will punish you or remove a privilege so that you won’t do it again
Positive reinforcement
People are rewarded for good behaviour
Types of mental illness
- Neuroses
- Psychoses
- Anti-Social
Neuroses
Experience high levels of anxiety tension in managing daily life
Eg. Panic attack
Psychoses
Lose touch with the real world, suffer from hallucinations and illusions
Eg. Schizophrenia
Anti-Social
Habitual patterns of rule breaking and harming others
Eg. Pathological lying
Skinner
Theory of operant conditioning. Learning can be programmed by whatever consequence follows a certain behaviour. Positive and negative reinforcement
Jung
Personal and collective unconscious. Personal unconscious is what the person thinks, collective is the group. Came up with the terms introvert and extrovert
Maslow
Hierarchy of needs. When we have satisfied the need at one level, we will move on to try and satisfy the need at the next level
