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Yr 11 -Sem 1 > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Affect?

A

What someone goes through?

*Emotions, feelings, moods.

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2
Q

What is Behavior?

A

How someone acts or responds to a situation.

- Visible/*Obervable

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3
Q

What is Cognition?

A

The way you/someone may think/Interpret

  • Absorb Knowledge/*Learn
  • resoning, logic, *memory, personality, *planning
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4
Q

Sports Psychology

A

theories which help an athlete achieve peak performance

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5
Q

Community Psychology

A

Help people achieve group goals, focus on wellbing of locals

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6
Q

Biological Psychology

A

Behaviors and mental processing, influences on the brain

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7
Q

Forensic Psychology

A

*criminal justice system - rehab or prosecution

expert opinions,

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8
Q

Organisational Psychology

A

assisting organisation, communication, stress management for the workplace.

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9
Q

Educational Psychology

A

focus - Child development, learning difficulties

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10
Q

Councilling Psychology

A

Assisting personal relationships

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11
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Assessment + diagnosis + treatment of mental illness

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12
Q

Clinical-Neuro Psychology

A

behavioral/mental changes from brain damage/irregularities

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13
Q

Personality Psychology

A

Individual characteristics

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14
Q

Social Psychology

A

thoughts, feelings and behavior in social situations

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15
Q

Health Psychology

A

promotion of positive thinking, behavior and habits in the wider community

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16
Q

Psychology vs Psychiatry

A

Psycho - Scientific study , uses therapy as a treatment, has medicare support
Psychi - Qualified as a doctor, can performed medical procedures, prescribe meds, around 12yrs of study

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17
Q

What is a sample?

A

Groups of participants in a research study

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18
Q

what are the three Research Designs?

A

independant - group designs
Matched - participants designs
repeated - measures design

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19
Q

What is a population?

A

Groups of people researchers want to research to apply to

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20
Q

What is an Ev?

A

Unwanted factors that could potentially impact/alter the DV

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21
Q

Explain Neurons.

A

Nerve cells, Very dense in the brain.

Communicating constantly.

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22
Q

Describe Neurotransmitters.

A

Chemical brain messages being sent in + out of the brain

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23
Q

Confidentiality (ethics)

A

Participants rights to privacy, NO personal details shared without written consent > images, phone number, names.

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24
Q

Deception Ethics.

A

withholding of information if it has the possibility of affecting results.

  • Participants must be debriefed at the conclusion
  • Must be approved prior to experiment
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25
Q

Debriefing Ethics

A
  • Clarifying participants understanding at the end of a study
  • Explaining possible after-effects
  • Providing information and support
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26
Q

Withdrawal Rights

A

*Participants must be informed of procedures, can decline, not participate (at any time) can remove results after finished experiment with no consequences

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27
Q

Informed Consent (Procedures)

A

Permission granted in full knowledge of the consequences.

Knowing your rights, any risks + the nature of the study

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28
Q

Voluntary Participation

A

No bribery > can not be paid/granted strictly voluntary.

  • Willingly consenting participant
  • Must not be pressured
  • prospective participants must not experience negative consequences if they chose to not participate.
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29
Q

Use of animals > Ethics

A

using animals for psychological research in order to either study the impacts on the animals or see what happens to humans

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30
Q

Ethics approval committees

A

Panel of people who ensure that the experiment follows the ethical guidelines

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31
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Psychological influences on behaviour and mental processes.

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32
Q

Visual Pathway

A

what is in front of us.

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33
Q

Memory

34
Q

Serial Position Effect

A

Order in which you learn something eg: phone number

35
Q

Primacy Effect

A

the first few items we will have the best recall. possibly due to long term memory

36
Q

Recency Effect.

A

the last 2-3 items have good recall, possibly due to short term memory

37
Q

Conceptual Priming.

A

Conceptual Priming is reminding or cueing people with a word, image or idea.
This links in with their beliefs and might affect their feeling, thoughts, or behaviours.

38
Q

Gender Stereotype.

A

Gender Stereotype can lead to girl/boys feeling less confident in their abilities as the area of work can be seen as female/male-dominated

39
Q

Social and Cultural Influences.
What is Social?
What is Cultural?

A

Influences have a strong impact on our thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
Social: parents, siblings, friends, teachers, peers
Cultural: School, religion, media, race ethnicity, socio-economic status

40
Q

Cue.

A
  • prompt from any of the five senses

- “Stimulus” for environment

41
Q

Illusion.

A

Misperception of conflicting cues. A mismatch of stimulus.

  • to perceive?
  • Brain interpretation
42
Q

Misperception.

A

a mistake in what we are seeing. Our brain trying to perceive several things at once.

43
Q

Interposition.

A

Overlapped objects are perceived as further

44
Q

Relative Size.

A

Similar objects are drawn bigger when closer,

similar object are perceived as further when smaller on the page

45
Q

Texture Gradient.

A

The detail of an image is more distinct when closer

46
Q

Height in the visual field

A

objects closer to the horizon - further away - create a sense of distance + perceived as further away.

47
Q

Liner perspective.

A

A sense of depth by parallel lines conveying towards a horizon.

eg: sides of a road get smaller in the distance
eg: one point perspective

48
Q

What is the perceptual set?

A

It is the five factors that help us to perceive and interpret the things we see.

49
Q

PERCEPTUAL SET: Context

A

Where you see the stimulus and what is it surrounded by.

50
Q

PERCEPTUAL SET: Motivation

A

How interested you in the thing that you see.

51
Q

PERCEPTUAL SET: Emotional State

A

your mood and feelings affect your perception

52
Q

PERCEPTUAL SET: Past Experience

A

Fear or Enjoyment can impact on what you see.

53
Q

PERCEPTUAL SET: Cultural Factors

A

Your education, religion may vary what you see

54
Q

Sensorimotor

A

Integrating the senses with movement. eg: crawling

55
Q

SENSORIMOTOR: Object Performance

A

The understanding that an object still exists even if it cannot be seen or touched

56
Q

SENSORIMOTOR: Goal-Directed Behaviour

A

Behaviour that is carried out with a particular purpose in mind

57
Q

Pre-Operational

A

symbolic thinking is developed.

58
Q

PRE-OPERATIONAL: Transformation

A

understanding that something can change from one state to another (form, structure or view)

59
Q

PRE-OPERATIONAL: Egocentrism

60
Q

PRE-OPERATIONAL: Reversability

A

Ability to follow a line of reasoning back to its original starting point
*Logic and reasoning, working it back to original point

61
Q

Concrete Operational

62
Q

CONCRETE OPERATION: Conservation

A

Refers to the idea that an object does not change its weight, mass, volume or area when the object changes its shape or appearance.

63
Q

CONCRETE OPERATION: Classification

A

The ability to organise information > things/events< into categories based on common features that set them apart from other classes or groups

  • organising into categories based on a rule of characteristics
  • show logic and precision of attention
64
Q

Emotional Development

65
Q

Attachment

A

the tendency of an infant to form an emotional bond with another person, usually a caregiver.

  • first 12 months
  • 6-8 months meaningful attachment
66
Q

Bonding

A

forming strong attachments or close relationships with someone else

67
Q

Contact Confort

68
Q

Surrogate

A

a person or object that substitutes for another in a significant role.

69
Q

attachment target

A

person a child forms an attachment to

70
Q

proximity maintenance

A

the need to be close/near to someone they are attached to.

71
Q

safe haven

A

ability to return to a person they child is attached to.

72
Q

secure base

A

base of security

73
Q

separation distress

A

anxiety at absence of attachment target

74
Q

attachment theory

A

bond form a healthy

75
Q

attachment types

A

Bowlby - Proximity Maintenance; Separation Distress; Safe Haven; Secure Base
Ainsworth - Secure; Insecure - Avoidant/Resistant

76
Q

secure attachment

A

emotional bond between children and caregivers. minimal distress when their mother left and sought comfort when mother returned.

77
Q

avoidant attachment

A

ignore the caregiver, sometimes almost completely. little to no interest in having interaction with mother.

78
Q

resistant attachment

A

anxious even when mother is present.

*Is more anxious when mother leaves but when mother returns show is ambivalent and may show anger towards her.

79
Q

strange-situation study

A

Test created by Mary Ainsworth - explores attachment is children.
The child and the mother “play and explore” in the new environment, a stranger joins them then the mother leaves. after a few minutes the mother returns and the child reacts in one of three ways.

80
Q

Mental Health

A

State of mind that is free from mental disorders and possessing a state of psychological well-being.
*Capable of realising their own abilities, dreams and goals, is able to cope productively with stresses and challenges.

81
Q

Mental illness

A

state of being in which a person has difficulty handling daily situations and feelings. Not unusual for conditions to be characterised by impairment of intellectual functions, the experience of shallow and unstable emotions. Difficulty adapting to one’s environment.

82
Q

biopsychosocial perspective

A

the medical model that attempts to demonstrate links between multiple body systems and human environment that create risks for illness.

Yr 11 -Sem 1 (4 decks)

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