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Yr 11 -Sem 1 > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Affect?

A

What someone goes through?

*Emotions, feelings, moods.

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2
Q

What is Behavior?

A

How someone acts or responds to a situation.

- Visible/*Obervable

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3
Q

What is Cognition?

A

The way you/someone may think/Interpret

  • Absorb Knowledge/*Learn
  • resoning, logic, *memory, personality, *planning
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4
Q

Sports Psychology

A

theories which help an athlete achieve peak performance

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5
Q

Community Psychology

A

Help people achieve group goals, focus on wellbing of locals

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6
Q

Biological Psychology

A

Behaviors and mental processing, influences on the brain

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7
Q

Forensic Psychology

A

*criminal justice system - rehab or prosecution

expert opinions,

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8
Q

Organisational Psychology

A

assisting organisation, communication, stress management for the workplace.

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9
Q

Educational Psychology

A

focus - Child development, learning difficulties

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10
Q

Councilling Psychology

A

Assisting personal relationships

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11
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Assessment + diagnosis + treatment of mental illness

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12
Q

Clinical-Neuro Psychology

A

behavioral/mental changes from brain damage/irregularities

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13
Q

Personality Psychology

A

Individual characteristics

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14
Q

Social Psychology

A

thoughts, feelings and behavior in social situations

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15
Q

Health Psychology

A

promotion of positive thinking, behavior and habits in the wider community

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16
Q

Psychology vs Psychiatry

A

Psycho - Scientific study , uses therapy as a treatment, has medicare support
Psychi - Qualified as a doctor, can performed medical procedures, prescribe meds, around 12yrs of study

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17
Q

What is a sample?

A

Groups of participants in a research study

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18
Q

what are the three Research Designs?

A

independant - group designs
Matched - participants designs
repeated - measures design

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19
Q

What is a population?

A

Groups of people researchers want to research to apply to

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20
Q

What is an Ev?

A

Unwanted factors that could potentially impact/alter the DV

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21
Q

Explain Neurons.

A

Nerve cells, Very dense in the brain.

Communicating constantly.

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22
Q

Describe Neurotransmitters.

A

Chemical brain messages being sent in + out of the brain

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23
Q

Confidentiality (ethics)

A

Participants rights to privacy, NO personal details shared without written consent > images, phone number, names.

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24
Q

Deception Ethics.

A

withholding of information if it has the possibility of affecting results.

  • Participants must be debriefed at the conclusion
  • Must be approved prior to experiment
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25
Debriefing Ethics
* Clarifying participants understanding at the end of a study * Explaining possible after-effects * Providing information and support
26
Withdrawal Rights
*Participants must be informed of procedures, can decline, not participate (at any time) can remove results after finished experiment with no consequences
27
Informed Consent (Procedures)
Permission granted in full knowledge of the consequences. | Knowing your rights, any risks + the nature of the study
28
Voluntary Participation
No bribery > can not be paid/granted strictly voluntary. * Willingly consenting participant * Must not be pressured * prospective participants must not experience negative consequences if they chose to not participate.
29
Use of animals > Ethics
using animals for psychological research in order to either study the impacts on the animals or see what happens to humans
30
Ethics approval committees
Panel of people who ensure that the experiment follows the ethical guidelines
31
Biological Perspective
Psychological influences on behaviour and mental processes.
32
Visual Pathway
what is in front of us.
33
Memory
.
34
Serial Position Effect
Order in which you learn something eg: phone number
35
Primacy Effect
the first few items we will have the best recall. possibly due to long term memory
36
Recency Effect.
the last 2-3 items have good recall, possibly due to short term memory
37
Conceptual Priming.
Conceptual Priming is reminding or cueing people with a word, image or idea. This links in with their beliefs and might affect their feeling, thoughts, or behaviours.
38
Gender Stereotype.
Gender Stereotype can lead to girl/boys feeling less confident in their abilities as the area of work can be seen as female/male-dominated
39
Social and Cultural Influences. What is Social? What is Cultural?
Influences have a strong impact on our thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Social: parents, siblings, friends, teachers, peers Cultural: School, religion, media, race ethnicity, socio-economic status
40
Cue.
- prompt from any of the five senses | - "Stimulus" for environment
41
Illusion.
Misperception of conflicting cues. A mismatch of stimulus. - to perceive? - Brain interpretation
42
Misperception.
a mistake in what we are seeing. Our brain trying to perceive several things at once.
43
Interposition.
Overlapped objects are perceived as further
44
Relative Size.
Similar objects are drawn bigger when closer, | similar object are perceived as further when smaller on the page
45
Texture Gradient.
The detail of an image is more distinct when closer
46
Height in the visual field
objects closer to the horizon - further away - create a sense of distance + perceived as further away.
47
Liner perspective.
A sense of depth by parallel lines conveying towards a horizon. eg: sides of a road get smaller in the distance eg: one point perspective
48
What is the perceptual set?
It is the five factors that help us to perceive and interpret the things we see.
49
PERCEPTUAL SET: Context
Where you see the stimulus and what is it surrounded by.
50
PERCEPTUAL SET: Motivation
How interested you in the thing that you see.
51
PERCEPTUAL SET: Emotional State
your mood and feelings affect your perception
52
PERCEPTUAL SET: Past Experience
Fear or Enjoyment can impact on what you see.
53
PERCEPTUAL SET: Cultural Factors
Your education, religion may vary what you see
54
Sensorimotor
Integrating the senses with movement. eg: crawling
55
SENSORIMOTOR: Object Performance
The understanding that an object still exists even if it cannot be seen or touched
56
SENSORIMOTOR: Goal-Directed Behaviour
Behaviour that is carried out with a particular purpose in mind
57
Pre-Operational
symbolic thinking is developed.
58
PRE-OPERATIONAL: Transformation
understanding that something can change from one state to another (form, structure or view)
59
PRE-OPERATIONAL: Egocentrism
,
60
PRE-OPERATIONAL: Reversability
Ability to follow a line of reasoning back to its original starting point *Logic and reasoning, working it back to original point
61
Concrete Operational
.
62
CONCRETE OPERATION: Conservation
Refers to the idea that an object does not change its weight, mass, volume or area when the object changes its shape or appearance.
63
CONCRETE OPERATION: Classification
The ability to organise information > things/events< into categories based on common features that set them apart from other classes or groups - organising into categories based on a rule of characteristics - show logic and precision of attention
64
Emotional Development
.
65
Attachment
the tendency of an infant to form an emotional bond with another person, usually a caregiver. * first 12 months * 6-8 months meaningful attachment
66
Bonding
forming strong attachments or close relationships with someone else
67
Contact Confort
.
68
Surrogate
a person or object that substitutes for another in a significant role.
69
attachment target
person a child forms an attachment to
70
proximity maintenance
the need to be close/near to someone they are attached to.
71
safe haven
ability to return to a person they child is attached to.
72
secure base
base of security
73
separation distress
anxiety at absence of attachment target
74
attachment theory
bond form a healthy
75
attachment types
Bowlby - Proximity Maintenance; Separation Distress; Safe Haven; Secure Base Ainsworth - Secure; Insecure - Avoidant/Resistant
76
secure attachment
emotional bond between children and caregivers. minimal distress when their mother left and sought comfort when mother returned.
77
avoidant attachment
ignore the caregiver, sometimes almost completely. little to no interest in having interaction with mother.
78
resistant attachment
anxious even when mother is present. | *Is more anxious when mother leaves but when mother returns show is ambivalent and may show anger towards her.
79
strange-situation study
Test created by Mary Ainsworth - explores attachment is children. The child and the mother "play and explore" in the new environment, a stranger joins them then the mother leaves. after a few minutes the mother returns and the child reacts in one of three ways.
80
Mental Health
State of mind that is free from mental disorders and possessing a state of psychological well-being. *Capable of realising their own abilities, dreams and goals, is able to cope productively with stresses and challenges.
81
Mental illness
state of being in which a person has difficulty handling daily situations and feelings. Not unusual for conditions to be characterised by impairment of intellectual functions, the experience of shallow and unstable emotions. Difficulty adapting to one's environment.
82
biopsychosocial perspective
the medical model that attempts to demonstrate links between multiple body systems and human environment that create risks for illness.

Yr 11 -Sem 1 (4 decks)

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