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S1 | Grade 11 Finals (Jan. 24 - 29, 2024) > Psychology 30 - AP > Flashcards

Psychology 30 - AP Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Early Approaches

What are the early approaches?

(2)

A

Structuralism & Functionalism

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2
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Early Approaches

What are the Introspection and which fuction is it connected to?

(2)

A

Act of examining mental processes (such as state).

Structuralism

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3
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Early Approches

What are Functionalism?

A

The need to analyize the purpose of behaviour.

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4
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Approches

What are the primary approaches and their key words?

(16)

A
  1. Psychodynamic - Unconscious & Childhood
  2. Behavioural - Learned, Reinforced
  3. Humanistic - Free Will, Choice, Ideal, Actualoization
  4. Cognitive - Perceptions, Thoughts
  5. Evolutionary - Genes
  6. Biological - Brain, NTs
  7. Sociocultural - Society
  8. Biopsychosocial - Combo of all
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5
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is Basic Research?

A

Purpose to increase knowledge.

(i.e Rats)

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6
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is Basic Research?

A

Purpose to increase knowledge.

(i.e Rats)

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7
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is Applied Research?

A

Purpose to help people.

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8
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is a Psychologist?

A

Research or counselling on the topic of Psychology.

MS or PhD

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9
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Random Terms

What is a Psychiatrist?

A

Able to prescribe medication.

M.D.

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10
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Mary Calkins?

A

First female president of the APA.

APA is the a American Psychological Association.

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11
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Margaet Flot Washburn?

A

First female to obtain a PHD regarding psychology.

Not to be confused with Mary Calkins.

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12
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Charles Darwin?

A

Creator of natural selection theory and evolutionist.

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13
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Dorothea Dix?

A

An advocate for mentally ill people, and their treatment.

Did not do lobotomies.

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14
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Stanely Hall?

A

1st president of the APA and creator of the 1st journal entry.

APA is the a American Psychological Association.

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15
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is William James?

A

Father of American Psychology and functionalist.

One of the two fathers.

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16
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Key People

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

A

Father of Psychology and structuralist.

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17
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

Experamental Design :

(24)

A
  1. IV - Purposely Altered
  2. EG - Recieved Treatment (IV)
  3. CG - Placebo’ed (IV)
  4. Placebo Effect - Fake Effect
  5. DV - Measured Variable
  6. Double Blind - No Particpant or Experiment Admin know which was assigned.
  7. Single Blind - No Particpant or Experiment Admin know which group was assigned.
  8. Operational Definition - Clear representative which is replicable.
  9. Cofound - Error in study
  10. Random Asignment - Assigns Assignment Ramdomly
  11. Random Sample - Ramdomly assigns to Participate
  12. Representative Sample - Mimics the general populous
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18
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design - Correlation

What is the popular saying regarding correlation?

A

Correlation does not equal causation.

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19
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design - Correlation

Positive Correlation

A

Variables increase & decrease together.

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20
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design - Correlation

Negative Correlation

A

As one of the variables increases the other one decreases.

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21
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design - Correlation

The stronger the ——– the ——– regardless of the ——–/——– sign.

Fill in the Blank

A
  1. Number
  2. Relationship
  3. Positve
  4. Negative
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22
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What is the 3 variable problem?

A

A different variable is responsible for a link.

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23
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What is the Naturalization Observation?

A

Observing people in the real world.

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24
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What is a Case Study?

A

Studies one person (usually) in great detail.

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25
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What is Mean, Median, and Mode?

Measure of Central Tendency

A
  1. Mean - Average
  2. Median - Middle Number
  3. Occurs the Most
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26
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What is the difference between inteferfial statistics and statistic significance?

A
  1. Results skewed by manipulation
  2. Establish significance
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27
Q

Scientific Foundations of Pyschology : Research Design

What are the ethical guidelines (via the APA)?

A
  1. Confidentiality
  2. Debriefing
  3. Anti-Deception
  4. No Harm
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28
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

Identify parts of a neuron.

(8)

A

Dendrites, Axon, Soma, Necleus, Synaptic Gap, Myelin Sheeth, Vesicles, and Axon Terminals.

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29
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

Action Potential is…?

A

Movement of NA ions through K ions.

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30
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is the All or None Law?

A

Everything must go.

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31
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is the Refractory Period?

A

The period where a neuron is unable to function due to use.

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32
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is S.A.M.E?

A
  1. Sensory Neurons - Recieves signals
  2. Afferent Neurons - Accepts singals
  3. Motor Neurons - Sends signals
  4. Efferent Neurons Exits signals
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33
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What are interneurons?

A

Cells in the spinal cord responsible for the reflex loop.

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34
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is Central NS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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35
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is Peripheral NS?

A

Rest of the NS.

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36
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is Sympathic NS?

A

Flight or flight response

37
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is Parasympathetic NS?

A

Homeostasis.

38
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What are the Neurotransmitters?

(18)

A
  1. GABA - Major Inhibitor IT
  2. Glutamate - Major Excitatory
  3. Dopamine - Pleasure and Reward
  4. Serotonin - Mood and Enviroment
  5. ACh - Memory
  6. Enpinehrine - Sympathetic
  7. Norepinephrine - Arousal
  8. Endorphins - Pain Control
  9. Oxytocin - Love and Bonding
39
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is an Agonist and an Antagonist?

A
  1. Mimics a NT
  2. Blocks a NT
40
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Neural Functions

What is Reuptake?

A

Unused NTs are taken back into the sending neuron.

41
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is the Hindbrain?

A

Oldest part of the brain.

42
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are the oldest part of the brain?

(6)

A
  1. Medulla - Vital Orgains (HR, BP)
  2. Cerebellum - Movement and Balance
  3. Pons- Bridge between reigons
43
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is the Midbrain?

A
  1. Rectiular Formation - Alertness
  2. Forebrain - Higher Thought Processes
  3. Limbic System
44
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are the parts of the brain?

(28)

A
  1. Amyglada - Emotions
  2. Hippocampus - Memory
  3. Hypothalmus - Reward/pleasure and eatting behaviours
  4. Thalamus - Smell center
  5. Cerbral Cortex - Higher order thought processes
  6. Occipital Lobe - Vision
  7. Frontal Lobe - Decision making
  8. Parietal Lobe - Sensations
  9. Temporal Lobe - Hearing and face recongnization
  10. Somatosensory Cortex - Map of sensory sensory receptors
  11. Motor Cortex - Map of our motor receptors
  12. Corpus Callosum - Bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres
  13. Bronca’s Area (LH) - Speach
  14. Werkickle’s Area (LH) - Speach comprehension
45
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are split brain experiments?

A

Experiments which studied the brains individually or against eachother.

46
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is Brain Plasticity?

A

Healing effect of the brain.

47
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

Nature vs Nurture?

A

Both

48
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are twins?

A
  1. Identical Twins - Monozygotic
  2. Fraternal Twins - Dizygotics
49
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is the Endocrine System?

(4)

A
  1. Pituitary Gland - Growth Hormones
  2. Adrenal Glands - Sympathic NS : Adrenaline
50
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

Brain Imaging :

(10)

A
  1. EEG - Brain Activity
  2. XRay
  3. CT/MRI - Shows structures
  4. PET - Uses glucose to show brain activity
  5. fMRI - Activity in real time by oxygen
51
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is a lesion?

A

Distruction of brain tissue.

52
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are the states of consciousness?

(10)

A
  1. Higher-Level - Controlled Processes
  2. Lower-Level - Automatic Processes
  3. Altered - Chaged state of consciou due to external factors
  4. Subconscious - Sleeping or dreams
  5. No awareness - Knocked out
53
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are the Sleep Waves?

(6)

A
  1. Beta Waves - Awake
  2. Alpha Waves - High Amp, Drowsy
  3. Delta Waves - Deep Sleep
54
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are the NREMs?

(5)

A
  1. Stage 1 - Light Sleep
  2. Stage 2 - Bursts of Sleep
  3. Delta Waves
55
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What does REM stand for?

A

Rapid Eye Movement

56
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is circadian rythm?

A

Our internal body clock.

57
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is Insomina?

A

Inability to fall asleep.

58
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

How does Sleep Walking/Talking happen?

A

Due to Drugs, Fatigue, and Alcohol

Not an REM.

59
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is night terrors?

A

Extreme Nightmares

Not an REM.

60
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is narcolepsy?

A

Sleeping out of nowhere.

Deficient in orexin.

61
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What does Frued think about dreams?

A

It fufills our unconscious desires.

62
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What does Frued think about —— and —— content?

A
  1. Latent Content - Hidden Meaning
  2. Manifest Content - Obvious Meaning
63
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are example of Depressants?

A

Acholol, Barbiturates, Tranquilizer, Opiates

(Decrease)

64
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are examples of Stimulatants?

A

Amphetamines, Cocaine, Ectasy, Caffeine, Nicotine

(Increase)

65
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What are examples of Hallucinogens?

A

LSD, Marijuana

66
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is Tolerance?

A

Needing more of drug to achieve the same effects.

67
Q

Biological Aspects of Psychology : Areas of the Brain

What is dependence?

A

Must use to avoid withdrawl.

68
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is the absolute threshold?

A

Detection signal 50% of the time.

69
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is the difference threshold?

A

Two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum difference.

Follows Weber’s Law.

70
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is signal detection theory?

A

Depends on experince, alertness, expectation, etc.

Detection which…

71
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is sensory adaption?

A

Dimished sensitivity due to regular use.

72
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is perceptual set?

A

Tendency to group things together.

73
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is inattentional blindness?

A

Failure to notice something due to being focused on something else.

74
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

Visual System :

(12)

A
  1. Cornea - Protects the Eye
  2. Pupil/Iris - Controls the light
  3. Lens - Focuses the light
  4. Retina - Contains the Rods and Cons
  5. Rods - Black/White and dim light
  6. Cones - Colour and bright light
75
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is the cocktail party effect?

A

To notice your name within a crowd.

76
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What are the cells within the eye?

A
  1. Bipolar Cells - Connects Rods/Cones into Ganglion Cells
  2. Ganglion Cells - Opponent-Processing
77
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What are feature detectors?

A

Specialized cells that see motion.

78
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is trichromatic?

A

Three colours : Red, blue, green

79
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is Opponent Process?

A

Complementary colours which are processed with in ganglion cells.

80
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is visual capture?

A

Visual system overwhelms all other system.

81
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What are consistencies?

A

Recongonize that opbjects do not change based on sensory input.

82
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is the Phi Phenomenon?

A

Lights blinking on/off in succession can mimic movement.

83
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is stroboscpic movement?

A

Animation

84
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

Monocular Cues :

A
  1. Interposition - Overlapping image
  2. Relative Size - A smaller object is further away
  3. Relative Clarity - Hazy ibjects appear further away
  4. Texture Gradient - Coarser objects look closer
  5. Relative Height - Things higher in our vision look farther away.
  6. Linear Perspective - Imaginary lines
  7. Motion Parallax - Objects appear faster that are farther
85
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is rentinal disparity?

A

Depth

86
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is convergence>

A

Eyestrain while the object draws nearer.

87
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is top-down processing?

A

Whole ; Literal

88
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Eye

What is bottom-up processing?

A

Smaller Parts ; Internal

89
Q

Sensations and Preceptions - The Ear

A

S1 | Grade 11 Finals (Jan. 24 - 29, 2024) (2 decks)

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