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Psychology 2/3 Test > Psychology 2/3 Test > Flashcards

Psychology 2/3 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

nerves, tissues, everything else

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1
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

maintains automatic survival functions like heartbeat

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3
Q

somatic or skeletal nervous system

A

deals with voluntary movements of the body

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4
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arouses body when in stressful situations…fight or flight

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5
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calms body down after a stressful situation is over

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6
Q

sensory neurons

A

(afferent neurons)

sends message from PNS to CNS

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7
Q

interneurons

A

communicate messages with CNS

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8
Q

motor neurons

A 
efferent neurons (M turned sideways in motor is E)
sends messages from the CNS to the PNS
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9
Q

location of neurons

A 
dendrites(the bushy beginning near nucleus)
Soma(the closest to nucleus)
myelin sheath(the rectangular)
axon(between myeline sheaths)
terminal buttons(the bushy end)
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10
Q

serotonin

A

regulates MOOD (depression)

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11
Q

dopamine

A

regulates ATTENTION, PLEASURABLE EMOTIONS (Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia)

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12
Q

acetylcholine (AcH)

A

released with MUSCLE MOVEMENT and MEMORY (Alzheimer’s disease)

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13
Q

norepinephrine

A

released to AROUSE and raise ALERTNESS in your body during stress (sympathetic nervous system)

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14
Q

GABA

A

anti-anxiety neurotransmitter, CALMS BODY DOWN

parasympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

endorphins

A

PAINKILLER neurotransmitter also called “MORPHINE WITHIN”

mimicked by opiates like heroin

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16
Q

agonists

A

refers to chemicals that MIMIC (COPY) the effect of a neurotransmitter

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17
Q

antagonist

A

refers to chemicals that BLOCK the effect of a neurotransmitter

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18
Q

CT scan

A

uses X-RAYS passed through the brain to show structure or extent of a lesion

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19
Q

MRI

A

created more detailed computerized images using MAGNETIC FIELDS and pulses of RADIO WAVES to cause emissions of signals that depend on density of tissue

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20
Q

fMRI

A

functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals BLOOD FLOW and BRAIN ACTIVITY

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21
Q

EEG

A

amplified tracing of BRAIN ACTIVITY created by placing ELECTRODES over scalp to transmit signals about BRAINS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY

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22
Q

PET

A

shows BRAIN ACTIVITY when RADIOACTIVITY tagged glucose rushes to active neurons

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23
Q

endocrine system

A

slower communication center

regulates body and behavioral processes

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24
Q

hormones

A

chemical messenger that travels through the bloodstream

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25
Q

pineal gland

A

gland in brain that produces melotonin which helps regulate circadian rhythms

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26
Q

adrenal gland

A

secrete stress hormones for “fight or flight” like the sympathetic nervous system
located above the KIDNEY

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27
Q

pituitary gland

A

“master gland”

produces hormones and regulates activity of other glands in endocrine system

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28
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell

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29
Q

threshold

A

minimal level stimulation required for an unreal impulse to fire

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30
Q

synapse

A

(junction or gap)

between the axon

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31
Q

nervous system

A

electrochemical communication center

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32
Q

reflex

A

simple autonomic inborn response to a sensory stimulus

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33
Q

lesion

A

natural or experimentally damaged tissue

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34
Q

hindbrain

A

consists medulla, pons, cerebellum

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35
Q

midbrain

A

consists reticular formation and clusters of nerve cells

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36
Q

forebrain

A

consists thalamus, limbic system, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex which contain the lobes of the brain

37
Q

brainstem

A

oldest part of the brain

38
Q

medulla

A

controls breathing and heartbeat

39
Q

cerebellum

A

responsible for balance, movement

40
Q

pons

A

connects lower and mid brain regions carry neural info between the areas

41
Q

reticular formation

A

nerve network

42
Q

thalamus

A

sensory switchboard

43
Q

limbic system

A

controlling emotions

includes hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary

44
Q

hippocampus

A

formation of memories

45
Q

hypothalamus

A

“queen gland”
involved in a variety of drives
feeling of hunger, thirst, and sex

46
Q

amygdala

A

neural clusters linked to emotions like aggression and fear

47
Q

cerebral cortex

A

information processing center

48
Q

frontal lobe

A

speaking and muscle movement

making plans and judgments

49
Q

parietal lobe

A

register and process body sensations (sense of touch)

50
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual areas

51
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory areas

52
Q

association areas

A

areas of cerebral cortex not involved in motor or sensory processes

53
Q

aphasia

A

impairment of language

54
Q

Broca’s area

A

left FRONTAL LOBE that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

55
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

left TEMPORAL LOBE involved in language comprehension

56
Q

plasticity

A

the brain’s capacity for modification

57
Q

corpus callosum

A

large bundle of neural fibers that allows the two sides of the brain to communicate
cutting it leads to split brains

58
Q

split brain

A

split brain illustrates LEFT brain used for LANGUAGE and RIGHT used for SPATIAL and NON-LINGUISTIC FUNCTIONS

59
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structures

23 from mom/dad

60
Q

DNA

A

containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

61
Q

nucleotides

A

biochemical letters that make up genes (A T C G)

62
Q

genes

A

biochemical units of heredity

63
Q

genome

A

complete instructions for making an organism

64
Q

genotype

A

specific genetic pattern or “blueprint” that makes you distinct from anyone else

65
Q

phenotype

A

observable characteristics or traits of an individual

66
Q

mutations

A

random errors in gene replication

67
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

evolution of behavior using the principles of natural selection

68
Q

gender

A

people define male or female

69
Q

behavior genetics

A

the power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

70
Q

environment

A

every non-genetic influence

71
Q

identical twins

A

single fertilized egg

72
Q

fraternal twins

A

develop from separate fertilized eggs

73
Q

temperament

A

emotional reactivity and intensity

74
Q

heritability

A

proportion of variation among individuals

75
Q

interaction

A

effect of one factor depends on another factor

76
Q

molecular genetics

A

studies molecular structure and function of genes

77
Q

prenatal environment

A

first stage of nurture

78
Q

culture

A

enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions

79
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

behavior and thoughts change according to society/culture we were raised in

80
Q

personal space

A

buffer zone

81
Q

memes

A

self-replicating ideas

82
Q

X chromosome

A

sex chromosome in men and women

83
Q

Y chromosome

A

sec chromosome only in men

84
Q

testosterone

A

most important male sex hormone

85
Q

gender role

A

set of expected behaviors for males and females

86
Q

gender identity

A

one’s sense of being male or female

87
Q

social learning theory

A

learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

88
Q

gender schema theory

A

cognitive theory that children learn what is male and female and act accordingly

89
Q

jean piaget

A

cognitive

90
Q

John Watson

A

behavioral

91
Q

sigmund Freud

A

psychodynamic

Psychology 2/3 Test (1 decks)

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