Psychology 2

Question 1

What are Gial Cells?

Answer 1

Gial cells are the glue that holds the nervous system together

Question 2

Astrocytes

Answer 2

support to the neurons and cleans up debris

Question 3

what are astrocytes also connected too

Answer 3

connects to the blood vessel

Question 4

Can astrocytes make their own oxygen?

Answer 4

can make their own oxygen and glucose

Question 5

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 5

Help produce myelin on axons in the CNS

Question 6

Oligodendrocytes can replicate and work on more than one axon
True or False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

what is the percentage of myelin and lipids used?

Answer 7

80% myelin lipid 20%

Question 8

Schwan cells

Answer 8

support axons and produce sheath in the PNS

Question 9

how many axons do Schwann cells work on?

Answer 9

myelin 1 axon

Question 10

Do Schwann cells regrow

Answer 10

arranged in a series of cylinders, regrowth

Question 11

Microglia

Answer 11

Act as phagocytes and protect the brain from microorganisms.

Question 12

what is the difference between Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Answer 12

oligodendrocytes myelinate axons
Schwann cells do the myelinating (one cell)

Question 13

what is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 13

the barrier between the blood supply and your brain

Question 14

why do we need the brain barrier?

Answer 14

to protect the brain from things getting in the blood creating blood

Question 15

where is the barrier located?

Answer 15

between the CNS and the circulatory system to help the flow of nutrients.

Question 16

what are capillaries

Answer 16

blood vessels

Question 17

does capillaries house pours

Answer 17

it has pours where anything can come out of the blood

Question 18

where in the capillaries have less noticeable pours?

Answer 18

in the brain, they are smaller making it hard for things to enter the brain.

Question 19

how does something get past the capillaries in you’re brain?

Answer 19

only if it is really small or it tricks the brain into thinking that it is something it needs.

Question 20

what is the area Postrema is known for

Answer 20

an area in the brain that is much weaker and creates vomiting

Question 21

when touching accidentally touching the stove are you getting any information from the brain?

Answer 21

no it is a motor skill so it doesn’t reach the brain

Question 22

anything above the neck is there reaction time by more or brain

Answer 22

the brain, no more motor action above the neck.

Question 23

what are the components of a simple withdrawal reflex?

Answer 23

sensory neuron, Motor neuron, interneuron

Question 24

how does a withdrawal reflex work when accidentally something happens?

Answer 24

sensory neurons then travel
up the axon sensory neuron
the muscle moves away

Question 25

how does the withdrawal method work when you holding something hot?

Answer 25

feeling the heat through the sensory neurons enter neuron that goes to the blue motor neuron the brain response through inhibition

Question 26

what is the role of inhibition?

Answer 26

to relax your baby

Question 27

what is the resting membrane potential?

Answer 27

-70mV

Question 28

what is an oscilloscope?

Answer 28

it reads /visual; out the voltage inside a cell

Question 29

why does the squid need electrical stimulation?

Answer 29

consistent and helps the stimulus create an electrical signal

Question 30

what can we control from the electrical stimulation?

Answer 30

Intensity, enter trail internal, frequency, the number of stimuli

Question 31

in action potential what happens when the cell is less negative

Answer 31

Depolarization

Question 32

what else can depolarization be?

Answer 32

excitation

Question 33

what is hyperpolarisation also known to be?

Answer 33

Inhibition

Question 34

what are two focuses that nature has to rebalance?

Answer 34

Diffusion and electrostatic pressure

Question 35

what is diffusion?

Answer 35

concentration balance, contraction movement of molecules from areas from high concentration to low

Question 36

what is an example of diffusion?

Answer 36

a glass of water with a splash of milk

Question 37

what is electrostatic pressure?

Answer 37

opposite charges want each other, while the same ones don't connect like magnets

Question 38

what does a cell at rest look like

Answer 38

the inside is -70 mv the outside is positive with sodium Na+

Question 39

Do diffusion and electrostatic work together?

Answer 39

they are both independent

Question 40

what happens when less stimulus is used?

Answer 40

The charges go but to 70 mv which is called ESP(excitatory, postsynaptic potential

Question 41

what happens when a cell experiences hyperpolaization

Answer 41

IPSP when it goes up higher takes to long to come down

Question 42

what happens in the inhibited phase

Answer 42

the cell is not at rest but it's relaxed so the mv counts are negative

Question 43

is sodium a positive or negative charge

Answer 43

positive

Question 44

What is the goal of the electrostatic pressure?

Answer 44

to get a balance of zero

Question 44

what is the goal of diffusion?

Answer 44

equal contraction

Question 45

what is Na+

Answer 45

sodium

Question 45

what is K+

Answer 45

potassim

Question 46

what determines the strength of the forces of diffusion and electrostatic pressure?

Answer 46

the level of imbalance

Question 46

what enters the cell and leaves the cell

Answer 46

sodium wants to rush into the cell while the membrane pushes out potassium

Question 47

what is stronger diffusion or electrostatic pressure?

Answer 47

The force of diffusion

Question 48

what is a semi-permeable membrane?

Answer 48

things can be leaked though the membrane and be controlled.

Question 49

what is a permeable membrane?

Answer 49

were things come and go out of the membrane

Question 50

what is an impermeable membrane?

Answer 50

nothing goes through

Question 51

what is the net pressure?

Answer 51

the combined pressures of diffusion and ep

Question 52

what happens when leakage goes unchecked

Answer 52

it will cause an unnatural action potential

Question 53

what is the percentage of the brain space the sodium-potassium pump uses?

Answer 53

40%

Question 54

what does the sodium-potassium pump do

Answer 54

three sodiums leave while two potassium stays

Question 55

what leaks more potassom or sodium

Answer 55

sodium