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Psychology 18 Test > Psychology 18 Test > Flashcards

Psychology 18 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

norms

A

unwritten rules that govern the behavior of groups of people

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1
Q

social psychology

A

how groups influence individuals’ attitudes and behaviors

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2
Q

roles

A

expectations society creates for how one is supposed to act

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3
Q

social loafing

A

tendency for individuals to put in less effort into group projects

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4
Q

deindividuation

A

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint

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5
Q

social facilitation

A

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks

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6
Q

group polarization

A

enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations

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7
Q

groupthink

A

desire for harmony overrides a realistic appraisal

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8
Q

bystander effect

A

less likely to help someone when more people are present

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9
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

when it is not clear who is responsible for an action

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10
Q

altruism

A

unselfish concern of one individual for the welfare of another

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11
Q

attribution theory

A

explain others’ behaviors

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12
Q

dispositional factors

A

personality characteristics that affect a person’s behavior

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13
Q

situational factors

A

environmental stimuli that affect a person’s behavior

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14
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

when judging OTHERS behavior to OVERESTIMATE the role of personal factors (disposition) and UNDERESTIMATE environmental factors (situation)

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15
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

tendency to let our preconceived expectations of others influence how we treat them

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16
Q

stereotypes

A

overgeneralizations or schemas society creates about a group

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17
Q

prejudice

A

unjustified negative attitude for a different ethnic or racial group

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18
Q

discrimination

A

unjustified negative BEHAVIORS towards a group

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19
Q

scapegoat theory

A

when we blame a particular group for societal frustrations

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20
Q

ethnocentrism

A

belief that your culture or social group is superior to others

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21
Q

Just-World phenomenon

A

tendency to believe world is fair and that people get what they deserve

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22
Q

superordinate goals

A

shared goals that override differences

23
Q

conformity

A

adopt the attitudes or behaviors shared by a group

24
Q

compliance

A

engaging in a particular behavior at another person’s request

25
Q

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

tendency to comply with a large request of previously complied with a small request

26
Q

reciprocity

A

small gift makes others feel obligation to agree to a later request

27
Q

attitude

A

how we respond favorably or unfavorably to certain people, objects, or events

28
Q

mere exposure effect

A

increased liking for a person or stimulus after repeated presentation

29
Q

informational social influence

A

effect of accepting communication of knowledge or opinions of others

30
Q

normative social influence

A

effect of accepting behavior or behaving in ways to gain approval or disapproval

31
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

DISCOMFORT that results when having CLASHING THOUGHTS or when your BEHAVIOR CLASHES WITH YOUR THOUGHTS

32
Q

central route of persuasion

A

FACTUAL INFORMATION is used to persuade an individual

33
Q

peripheral route of persuasion

A

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS are used to persuade an individual

34
Q

Philip zimbardo

A

Stanford prison experiment assigned roles of “prisoners” and “guards”; shows impact of SOCIAL ROLES AND DEINDIVIDUATION

35
Q

Stanley milgram

A

teacher applies “shocks” when learner does not answer correctly; 66% inflict highest shock; shows impact of OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY

36
Q

Solomon asch

A

line segment experiment where 33% of time individuals conformed to wrong answer and 75% of individuals conformed at least twice; shows impact of CONFORMITY

37
Q

Robert rosenthal

A

teachers were told certain expectations about students which came true; shows impact of SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY

38
Q

components of genocide

A

victims, extensiveness, organization, purpose

39
Q

ingroup

A

“us” people who share common identity

40
Q

outgroup

A

“them” different or apart of one’s ingroup

41
Q

ingroup bias

A

tendency to favor one’s own group

42
Q

dehumanization

A

ability to view victims of violence as somehow less than human

43
Q

double-speak

A

language deliberately constructed to disguise or distort it’s actual meaning

44
Q

social trap

A

both parties get caught in mutually destructive behavior

45
Q

consistency and commitment

A

remain consistent in thoughts and behaviors

46
Q

social proof

A

tendency to follow example of others

47
Q

scarcity

A

value items more that are less available

48
Q

causes of aggression

A

genes; neural influences; biochemical influences; alcohol

49
Q

frustration-aggression principle

A

frustration creates anger; leading to aggression

50
Q

similarity

A

share common goals, interests, and attitudes

51
Q

passionate love

A

aroused state of intensive positive absorption in another

52
Q

companionate love

A

deep affectionate attachment we feel for those whole our lives are intertwined

53
Q

equity

A

people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

54
Q

self-disclosure

A

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

55
Q

social exchange theory

A

our social behavior is an exchange process

Psychology 18 Test (1 decks)

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