psychology Flashcards
What are the three categories of thoughts, emotions, and reactions according to Albert Eillis?
- Affect
- Behaviour/Motivation
- Cognition
These categories help in understanding human psychology and interactions with stimuli.
What is repression according to Sigmund Freud?
Keeping disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious
Repressed thoughts often lead to feelings of guilt and anxiety.
What can be a consequence of repression?
Can create anxiety and lead to outbursts
Repressed thoughts can manifest in various emotional outbursts.
What is denial as described by Freud?
Blocking external events from awareness
Denial occurs when the Ego is overwhelmed by conflicting forces.
What can result from denial?
Can lead to dangerous or problematic behaviours
Denial of harmful situations can have serious consequences.
What does the Iceberg Theory represent?
- Conscious mind
- Preconscious mind
- Unconscious mind
Freud used the iceberg metaphor to illustrate different levels of awareness in the mind.
What is the Id according to Freud?
Pushes to achieve physical satisfaction including nutritional and sexual needs
The Id operates on the pleasure principle.
What are the two driving forces of the Id?
- Thanatos - aggressive/deconstructive energy
- Eros - sexual energy
These forces drive the basic instincts of the Id.
What is the role of the Superego?
Pushes to make moral decisions aligned with social ideals
The Superego operates on the perfection principle.
What does the Ego do?
Manages needs with an understanding of the social environment
The Ego operates on the reality principle.
What is the concept of the fully functioning person developed by Carl Rogers?
An ideal that motivates self-actualization and understanding of one’s emotions
A fully functioning person is deeply in touch with their feelings and instincts.
What does the stream of consciousness concept imply?
The mind should be studied as a whole rather than broken into pieces
This concept was developed by William James.
What is the significance of each element of consciousness according to James?
Every element serves a purpose due to natural selection
Consciousness is a continually changing combination of experiences.
What does the term ‘stimulus error’ refer to?
Focusing on what one thinks or knows about a stimulus rather than the perceptual experience
Edward Bradford Titchener coined this term in sensory perception studies.
True or False: The Ego operates on the pleasure principle.
False
The Ego operates on the reality principle, while the Id operates on the pleasure principle.
