Psychology Flashcards
What 3 parts did Freud divide the psyche into
Edo, id and the superego
Conscious, Unconscious and the Conscience
Who inspired Freud to beign thinking of religion as a product of the mind
Ludwig Feuerbach
What did Freud liken religion too
A neurosis-e.g. not regularly doing a ritual will result in negative consequences similar to ocd
What did Freud believe the religious neurosis arose from
Repressed desires
Why does Freud think religion has been popularised
Oedipus complex- people feel guilty ffor wanting to kill their father and so reinvent a bigger father to act as a suzerain-god
What did Darwin believe society had arisen from
THe primal horde-hunter gatherer society
What book did Freud write abouit the nature of early religious thought and what was in it
The totem and the taboo-The idea that primitive groups had both totems, to protect, and taboos, things to not do, and that all religion is like this; primeval superstitions e.e. communion-totemic meal
Who does freud think is most susceptible to religion
Children-Infantile illusion
What was Freuds main contribution to atheistic ways of thinking
The addition of a psychological line of thought through the oedipus complex
How does freud state that religion is a form of wish fulfillment
For those who lack control over their lives, it is a way of attributing cause to something else conscious, even over things like the weather etc as a way to satisfy the desire for certainty and fear of the unknown
How is freud criticised from an anthropological perspective
Freud and Robertson-smith, who inspired freud, vaguely guessed at what early human life(re.g. primal horde under a singular alpha male) was like and drew sweeping conclusions from about human nature which are dubious at best.
Which society, studied by Malinowski, provded evidence against freuds conclusions
Trobriand islanders of New Guineau, who, in opposition of the oedipus complex, created a matriarchal society, hence no universal physchological need to overthrow their fathers.
Malinowksi concluded that although the oedipus complex could exist, it was not innate, and so was caused by culture, not the other way round.
What is perhaps the main criticism of freuds work
By far too narrow of an evidence base-His clientele were mostly rich viennese women with very limite representation of anyone else yet he claimed his conclusions were universal e.g. His ideas of god are all exclusively male-thinking about one speciffic type of religious worship
What has Freud been accused of, due to his preconceived notions about religion, before starting his analysis
Confirmation bias, in which he seeks to support a hypothesis (Feuerbachs, of religion being made up), and rejecting or redefining any evidence to the contrary
Why does freud deserve some credit, even if he was completely wrong
He opened up the psychological discussion of atheism and bought greater awareness of mental health issues sexuality religion etc
How does carl jungs model of the psyche differ to freuds
Consciousness(ego)-freud
Personal unconsciousness-freud
Collective Unsconsciousness(reservoir of archetypes)-not freud-from evolution-hereditary
Who inspired Jungs idea of collective Unsoncsious
Kant in Critique of Pure Reason, who posited that we impose meaning on phenomena based on our interpretation of the world-e.g.sky is not blue, we just assign it that nature
What are Jung’s archetypes
The Forms or Images in our collective unconsciousness that help us understand the world
What are some archetypes Jung has identified from myths and fables from around the world
The Mother(Mary, fertility goddesses etc), The Child God(Jesus, Krishna, Buddha) The Hero(Theseus, David, Jack and the beanstalk)
Who created a similar concept to Jungs archetypes
Plato with his forms-he declared people know what beauty, justice etc are becuase there is a perfect version of them we are aware of but never see
Which 5 Archetypes did Jung emphasise
The Persona-Pretend personality
The Shadow-Hidden side-jekyll and hyde, dorian gray
Anima and Animus-Opposite sex characteristics-feminise side of men etc
The Self-Images of royalty and balance-the soul in eastern thought(written about very esotericly)
What did Jung beleive could cause mental health problems
If one archetype becomes too prominent
E.g. the persona-leads to social anxiety over how they are perceived
What is God, in Jungs view
An Archetype(the self within us)
What is Individuation
Accoridng to Jung-the reconciliation of different aspects of their lives and worldview in order to ahcieve wholeness
