psychology Flashcards
Most and least resistant reinforcement schedule
variable ratio
continuous
premack’s principle
grandma’s rule (using existing higher frequency behaviour to reward low frequency ones) e.g. can have dessert if you eat greens
What does Covert means in covert reinforcement/sensitization
using imagined events
Explain implosion and flooding
flood is using prolonged exposure of feared stimulus to reduce anxiety response. Implosion is when an imagined response is used.
Forward chaining and backward chaining
forward: learning alphabets then learn to write name
Backward: making cupcake, learning the last step then last few steps, then the entire process
reciprocal inhibition
stimulus with desired response paired with stimulus with undesired response, in order to reduce undesired response
Bobo Doll experiment , which theory is it testing and who proposed it
Bandura’s social learning theory
Reciprocal causation
Visual cliff test
test for perception of depth which develops at 2-4 months of age
baby’s vision development
2-4 month - depth
by 4 months - accomodation and colour vision
by 6 month - 6:6 acuity
Selective or divided attention in following:
1. Dichotic listening
2. dual task technique
3. cocktail party effect
- selective (focused)
- divided (capacity)
- selective
Bradley and Hitch’s working memory model
phonological loop + visuospatial sketchpad
Serial position effect in memory: explain primacy vs recency
primacy = first few words
recency = last few words
(are remembered better)
Ribot’s gradient (Theodule Ribot)
Unique to organic amnesia, hippocampal origin. Recent memory lost before distant one.
falshbulb memory
events such as 911, affected less by time than other memory
Transient global amnesia is severe anterograde amnesia + retrograde amnesia for the preceding days or weeks. It is caused by …
transient cerebral ischaemia
Fugue
psychological global amnesia, normally only retrograde, complete memory recovery
What does digit span test for and what is the average range forward and backward
auditory and verbal working memory. Forward 6 +/- 1; Backward 5 +/-1
what does three word learning task test for
anterograde memory and learning
What does name and address recall test for
recent verbal memory
Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test
In what group of patient would this test be impaired
non-verbal memory test.
Patient asked to copy a complex figure and later ask to draw from memory.
impaired in dementia and amnesic syndrome
what is Wechsler memory task
patient ask to read a short story containing 25 elements, immediate and delayed recall both tested
Average age of earliest memory retrival? what is this phenomena called?
3.5 years of age (2-5)
Infantile amnesia
Name 2 projective personality test
Themantic aperception test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Sentence completion test
draw a person test
Word association test (Jung)
which model of personality is the basis of DSM category of personality disorder clusters
Cloninger’s model
Cluster A - low reward dependence
Cluster B - high novelty seeking
Cluster C - high harm avoidance
