Psychology Flashcards
Define Psychology
Psyche (Greek) - meaning ‘principle of life, soul’
Logos (Greek) = study of
Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context
Name the 3 main fields of psychology
Biological Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Define Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Explain what development psychology is
How thinking, feeling, and behavior change throughout a person’s life
Explain what cognitive psychology is
How the interactions of thinking, emotion, creativity, and problem-solving abilities affect how and why you think the way you do
Explain what behavioral psychology is
How the environment shapes human behavior. The study and analysis of observable behavior
Explain what social psychology is
How people’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions, and goals are constructed within a social context by the actual or imagined interactions with others
Explain what psychoneuroimmunology is
The study of interactions between behavior, the brain, and the immune system
Explain what psychodynamic psychology is
How past experiences unconsciously influence current thoughts
What 2 things are development psychology based on
Nature
Nurture
Define nature and nurture
Nature refers to genetics and all the factors that are inherited
Nurture refers to the variables of the environment: things you get from the world around you after you are born
What does cognitive psychology do
Aims to change the way people think about a problem
Give an example of psychoneuroimmunology
Psoriasis
Explain what a theoretical approach is
A theoretical approach is a perspective that is someone’s view about human behavior, there can be many different theories within an approach, however they all piece together the same assumption
Name the 5 hierarchy level os Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs
1) Self-Actualization
2) Esteem
3) Love and Belongingness
4) Safety
5) Physiological Needs
Explain what humanistic Psychology is
Study of psychology that focuses on the study of the whole person
Looks at behaviour not only through the eyes of the observer but through the eyes of the person
Studies the meanings, understanding, and experiences involved in growing, teaching, and learning
Studies sow people are influence by their self-perceptions and the personal meaning attached to their experiences
Focuses on people’s responses to internal needs in shaping behaviour
What the main groups does social psychology study and what does these groups include
Social thinking:
How we perceive ourselves and others
What we believe
Judgemeents we make
Our attitudes
Social Influeneces:
Culture
Pressure to conform
Persuasion
Groups of people
Social relations:
Prejudice
Aggression
Attraction and intimacy
Helping
Explain what classical conditioning is
Classical Conditioning is a learning process in which an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response
Explain Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, and Punishment
Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding
Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience
Punishment is defined as the opposite of reinforcement since it is designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather than increase it, It is an aversive event that decreases the behaviour that it follows
Explain psychodynamic psychology
Instinct = desires, emotional impulses
Super-ego = morals and critical thinking, this is our ‘conscience’
Ego (Latin for ‘I’) = organization and realism, the ego is the mediator between the ID and ego
Explain the biomedical and biopsychosocial model
Biomedical model = Patients are managed medically with medications and fluid interventions that treat the physical symptoms
Biopsychosocial model = The biopsychosocial approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery.
What does eating stimulate the brain to do?
Eating stimulates the brain’s endogenous opioid system, releasing endorphins to signal pleasure and satiety
