Psychology

Question 1

Define Psychology

Answer 1

Psyche (Greek) - meaning ‘principle of life, soul’

Logos (Greek) = study of

Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context

Question 2

Name the 3 main fields of psychology

Answer 2

Biological Psychology

Clinical Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

Question 3

Define Health

Answer 3

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 4

Explain what development psychology is

Answer 4

How thinking, feeling, and behavior change throughout a person’s life

Question 5

Explain what cognitive psychology is

Answer 5

How the interactions of thinking, emotion, creativity, and problem-solving abilities affect how and why you think the way you do

Question 6

Explain what behavioral psychology is

Answer 6

How the environment shapes human behavior. The study and analysis of observable behavior

Question 7

Explain what social psychology is

Answer 7

How people’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions, and goals are constructed within a social context by the actual or imagined interactions with others

Question 8

Explain what psychoneuroimmunology is

Answer 8

The study of interactions between behavior, the brain, and the immune system

Question 9

Explain what psychodynamic psychology is

Answer 9

How past experiences unconsciously influence current thoughts

Question 10

What 2 things are development psychology based on

Answer 10

Nature

Nurture

Question 11

Define nature and nurture

Answer 11

Nature refers to genetics and all the factors that are inherited

Nurture refers to the variables of the environment: things you get from the world around you after you are born

Question 12

What does cognitive psychology do

Answer 12

Aims to change the way people think about a problem

Question 13

Give an example of psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 13

Psoriasis

Question 14

Explain what a theoretical approach is

Answer 14

A theoretical approach is a perspective that is someone’s view about human behavior, there can be many different theories within an approach, however they all piece together the same assumption

Question 15

Name the 5 hierarchy level os Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs

Answer 15

1) Self-Actualization
2) Esteem
3) Love and Belongingness
4) Safety
5) Physiological Needs

Question 16

Explain what humanistic Psychology is

Answer 16

Study of psychology that focuses on the study of the whole person

Looks at behaviour not only through the eyes of the observer but through the eyes of the person

Studies the meanings, understanding, and experiences involved in growing, teaching, and learning

Studies sow people are influence by their self-perceptions and the personal meaning attached to their experiences

Focuses on people’s responses to internal needs in shaping behaviour

Question 17

What the main groups does social psychology study and what does these groups include

Answer 17

Social thinking:

How we perceive ourselves and others

What we believe

Judgemeents we make

Our attitudes

Social Influeneces:

Culture

Pressure to conform

Persuasion

Groups of people

Social relations:

Prejudice

Aggression

Attraction and intimacy

Helping

Question 18

Explain what classical conditioning is

Answer 18

Classical Conditioning is a learning process in which an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response

Question 19

Explain Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, and Punishment

Answer 19

Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding

Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience

Punishment is defined as the opposite of reinforcement since it is designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather than increase it, It is an aversive event that decreases the behaviour that it follows

Question 20

Explain psychodynamic psychology

Answer 20

Instinct = desires, emotional impulses

Super-ego = morals and critical thinking, this is our ‘conscience’

Ego (Latin for ‘I’) = organization and realism, the ego is the mediator between the ID and ego

Question 21

Explain the biomedical and biopsychosocial model

Answer 21

Biomedical model = Patients are managed medically with medications and fluid interventions that treat the physical symptoms

Biopsychosocial model = The biopsychosocial approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery.

Question 22

What does eating stimulate the brain to do?

Answer 22

Eating stimulates the brain’s endogenous opioid system, releasing endorphins to signal pleasure and satiety